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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TCOXKP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Co-inheritance of β-thalassemia and hereditary spherocytosis in one family</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сонаследование β-талассемии и наследственного сфероцитоза в одной семье</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-8586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzminova</surname><given-names>Zhanna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминова</surname><given-names>Жанна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., a senior researcher at the Department of Non-Malignant Hematology, a hematologist at the Outpatient Clinic </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела незлокачественной гематологии, врач-гематолог консультативного отделения </p></bio><email>zfokina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-5196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mann</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манн</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zfokina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plyasunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zfokina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-527X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamyan</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамян</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zfokina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1004">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1004</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The co-inheritance of β-thalassemia and hereditary spherocytosis is a rare clinical phenomenon that complicates diagnosis due to confounding laboratory and clinical presentations.</p> <p><bold>Clinical case.</bold> This case report describes a family with β-thalassemia in the mother and hereditary spherocytosis in the father. The daughter inherited β-thalassemia, while the son with moderate anemia, splenomegaly, and hyperbilirubinemia co-inherited a mutation in the <italic>HBB</italic> gene (β-thalassemia) from the mother and a mutation in the <italic>SPTB</italic> gene (hereditary spherocytosis) from the father which was confirmed by NGS. The son presented with some characteristics that did not fit the typical diagnostic criteria: paradoxical results of osmotic fragility test alongside the typical features of both diseases (microcytosis, elevated HbA2/HbF, reduced sphericity index). After splenectomy, his hematological parameters improved; however, the presence of mild anemia indicates the persisting influence of thalassemia.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> This case highlights the necessity of comprehensive genetic testing in patients with atypical course of hemolytic anemia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Сонаследование β-талассемии и наследственного сфероцитоза – редкое клиническое явление, затрудняющее диагностику из-за искажения лабораторных и клинических проявлений.</p> <p><bold>Клинический случай.</bold> В нашем клиническом наблюдении представлена семья с одновременным наличием β-талассемии у матери и наследственного сфероцитоза у отца. Дочь унаследовала β-талассемию, а у сына с анемией средней тяжести, спленомегалией и гипербилирубинемией методом NGS-секвенирования подтверждено сочетанное наследование мутации в гене <italic>HBB</italic> (β-талассемия) от матери и мутации в гене <italic>SPTB</italic> (наследственный сфероцитоз) от отца. У сына отмечалось изменение характерных диагностических параметров: парадоксальные показатели осмотической резистентности эритроцитов при сохранении типичных признаков обоих заболеваний (микроцитоз, повышение HbA2/HbF, снижение индекса сферичности). После спленэктомии достигнуто улучшение гематологических показателей, однако сохранение анемии легкой степени подчеркивает персистирующее влияние талассемии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует необходимость комплексного генетического тестирования при атипичном течении гемолитических анемий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary spherocytosis</kwd><kwd>β-thalassemia</kwd><kwd>co-inheritance</kwd><kwd>hemolytic anemia</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственный сфероцитоз</kwd><kwd>β-талассемия</kwd><kwd>сонаследование</kwd><kwd>гемолитическая анемия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>NGS-секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Musallam K.M., Lombard L., Kistler K.D., Arregui M., Gilroy K.S., Chamberlain C. et al. 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