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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1013</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-2-38-45</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DBRSDO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Post-transplant cyclophosphamide, abatacept, and vedolizumab for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute leukemia: results of a prospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Посттрансплантационный циклофосфамид, абатацепт и ведолизумаб в профилактике реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» после трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей с острым лейкозом: результаты проспективного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perminova</surname><given-names>Margarita E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перминова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>margarita.perminova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelihova</surname><given-names>Larisa N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелихова</surname><given-names>Лариса Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lshelihova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-817X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimentova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климентова</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>klimentowa1702@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shasheleva</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашелева</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shasheleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-7159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khismatullina</surname><given-names>Rimma D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хисматуллина</surname><given-names>Рима Данияловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Rimma.Chismatullina@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-1752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaykina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунайкина</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maria.dunaykina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7866-7256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakelyan</surname><given-names>Susanna K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракелян</surname><given-names>Сусанна Кареновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>no-reply@eco-vector.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-053X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Юлия Валериевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>yuscvo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashov</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>bala8@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>Aleksey.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>Michael.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1013">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1013</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is an established method for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from haploidentical donors, however data on its efficacy in the pediatric population remain limited. In this prospective study, we evaluated an improved PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis regimen comprising the a4b7 integrin blocker vedolizumab and a co-stimulatory signal inhibitor abatacept in addition to standard treatment with PTCy and cyclosporine A. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Allogeneic HSCT was performed in children with high-risk acute leukemia in complete remission from a haploidentical (n = 54) or unrelated (n = 4) donor. Myeloablative conditioning was based on treosulfan or total body irradiation. In 97% of cases, bone marrow was used as a graft source. The engraftment rate was 98%. The cumulative risk of acute GVHD grade II-IV and III-IV was 38% and 8.6%, respectively, of acute intestinal GVHD grade II-IV - 10%, and of chronic GVHD - 7%. Transplant-related mortality after 2 years of follow-up was 3.6%, the incidence of relapse was 16%, the overall survival rate - 91%, and the event-free survival rate - 85%. Overall, the proposed GVHD prophylaxis regimen demonstrated a favorable safety profile and good tolerability, no specific adverse events were observed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Высокодозный посттрансплантационный циклофосфамид (ПТЦф) является признанным методом профилактики реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ) при аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) от гаплоидентичных доноров, однако данные о его эффективности в педиатрической популяции остаются ограниченными. В рамках проспективного исследования нами была оценена усовершенствованная схема профилактики РТПХ на основе ПТЦф, включающая блокатор интегрина a4p7 ведолизумаб и ингибитор ко-стимулирующего сигнала абатацепт в дополнение к стандартной терапии ПТЦф и циклоспорином A. Исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. Аллогенная ТГСК проводилась детям с острым лейкозом высокого риска в стадии полной ремиссии от гаплоидентичного (n = 54) либо неродственного (n = 4) донора. Миелоаблативное кондиционирование было основано на треосульфане либо тотальном облучении тела. В 97% случаев в качестве источника трансплантата использовался костный мозг. Частота приживления трансплантата составила 98%. Кумулятивный риск развития острой РТПХ II-IV и III-IV стадии составил 38% и 8,6% соответственно, кишечной острой РТПХ II-IV стадии - 10%, хронической РТПХ - 7%. Трансплантат-ассоциированная смертность через 2 года наблюдения составила 3,6%, частота рецидивов - 16%, общая выживаемость - 91%, а бессобытийная выживаемость - 85%. В целом предложенная схема профилактики РТПХ продемонстрировала благоприятный профиль безопасности и хорошую переносимость без выявления специфических нежелательных явлений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-transplant cyclophosphamide</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>посттрансплантационный циклофосфамид</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Anasetti C., Logan B.R., Lee S.J., Waller E.K., Weisdorf D.J., Wingard J.R., et al. Peripheral-blood stem cells versus bone marrow from unrelated donors. N Engl J Med 2012; 367 (16): 1487-96.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Jacobsohn D.A., Vogelsang G.B. 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