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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1014</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-2-46-54</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FOEZME</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gonadal function in male pediatric patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a comparison of the effects of treosulfan- and total body irradiation-based conditioning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Функция гонад у мальчиков после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток: сравнение воздействия треосульфана и тотального облучения тела в кондиционировании</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-3699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanova</surname><given-names>Elvira R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанова</surname><given-names>Эльвира Ривалевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>no-reply@eco-vector.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-5252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>no-reply@eco-vector.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shasheleva</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашелева</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shasheleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0441-0034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokurov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокуров</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_vinokurov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-8945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsvetkina</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Процветкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>no-reply@eco-vector.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-7669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Delyagin</surname><given-names>Wassili M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Делягин</surname><given-names>Василий Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>delyagin-doktor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-053X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Юлия Валериевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>yuscvo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1014">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1014</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for many orphan diseases that can significantly improve prognosis and survival in patients. Conditioning prior to HSCT includes alkylating agents and/or total body irradiation (TBI) that are both known to be highly gonadotoxic. This is why it is so important to choose drugs and treatment options with minimal side effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reproductive function of male HSCT recipients who had received treosulfan- and TBI-based conditioning. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. We included 112 boys. The concentrations of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, testosterone levels, testicular size (measured using ultrasound) and pubertal development (as per the Tanner scale) were assessed over time. The obtained data showed that the effect of treosulfan on gonadal function in the males was less significant than that of TBI, with the cumulative probability of developing hypogonadism at 4 years after HSCT equaling 0% and 24% respectively. However, the toxicity of other alkylating agents included in a treosulfan-based conditioning regimen eliminates the difference in the cumulative probability of hypogonadism between the two approaches. Further annual monitoring is needed to fully understand the reproductive potential of the patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) - единственный излечивающий метод терапии многих орфанных заболеваний, значительно улучшающий прогноз и выживаемость пациентов. Кондиционирование, предшествующее ТГСК, включает алкиляторы и/или тотальное облучение тела (ТОТ), обладающие выраженными гонадотоксичными эффектами. В связи с этим актуальным является выбор препаратов и вариантов терапии с минимальными побочными эффектами. Цель: оценить функцию репродуктивной системы мальчиков-реципиентов ТГСК при использовании режимов кондиционирования на основе треосульфана и ТОТ. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. В исследование включены 112 мальчиков. В динамике оценивали концентрации фолликулостимулирующего и лютеинизирующего гормонов, тестостерона, а также размеры яичек по данным ультразвукового исследования и общую оценку полового развития по шкале Таннера. Воздействие треосульфана на функцию гонад у мальчиков меньше, чем ТОТ (кумулятивная вероятность развития гипогонадизма к 4 годам после ТГСК 0% и 24% соответственно), однако токсичность других алкиляторов в составе кондиционирования нивелирует разницу при развитии гипогонадизма. Для полноценного понимания репродуктивного потенциала пациентов необходим дальнейший ежегодный мониторинг.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>males</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>reproductive system</kwd><kwd>treosulfan</kwd><kwd>total body irradiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мальчики</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>репродуктивная система</kwd><kwd>треосульфан</kwd><kwd>тотальное облучение тела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shalitin S., Pertman L., Yackobovitch-Gavan M., Yaniv I., Lebenthal Y., Phillip M., et al. Endocrine and Metabolic Disturbances in Survivors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Adolescence. 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