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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1016</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-2-62-72</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JDRKXV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a genoidentical sibling after high-dose treosulfan-based conditioning in children with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first clinical and hematological remission</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты терапии детей с острым миелоидным лейкозом промежуточного риска, получивших аллогенную трансплантацию гемопоэтических стволовых клеток с кондиционированием высокими дозами треосульфана от геноидентичного родственного донора в первой клинико-гематологической ремиссии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Ирина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Irina.Kalinina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelihova</surname><given-names>Larisa N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелихова</surname><given-names>Лариса Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lshelihova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-7704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maria.ilushina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-3996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bronin</surname><given-names>Gleb O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бронин</surname><given-names>Глеб Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mdgkb@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-2647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antoshin</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антошин</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>no-reply@eco-vector.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>skorobog.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Michael.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Галина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Galina.Novichkova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Aleksey.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Department of Health of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница – филиал ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1016">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The value of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission in children with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the matter of debate. We analyze the outcome of HSCT from a genoidentical sibling with high-dose treosulfan-based myeloablative conditioning and enhanced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in comparison with continuation of high-dose chemotherapy (CT). The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. A group of interest consisted of 22 HSCT recipients and a comparison group consisted of 240 patients who received high-dose CT. The conditioning regimens included treosulfan (n = 15), busulfan (n = 3), and melphalan (n = 4). The graft source was bone marrow in 12 patients and peripheral stem cells in 10 patients. GVHD prophylaxis was intensified either by including 1 or 2 additional immunosuppressive drugs or by increasing the duration of prophylaxis. The comparison group consisted of 240 patients who received 1 or 2 cycles of high-dose cytarabine- based consolidation therapy. The groups were matched for all initial characteristics. Engraftment was achieved in all 22 HSCT recipients: the median time to granulocyte recovery was day +16 (range, day +11 - day +21) and the median time to platelet recovery was day +15 (range, day +11 - day +28). The main toxicities of the conditioning regimens were mucositis in 12 (54%) patients, skin lesions in 6 (27%) patients, and an increase of alanine aminotransferase in 4 (18%) patients. There were no cases of toxicity-related mortality. Acute and chronic GVHD, requiring medical treatment developed in 15% of the patients. Four HSCT recipients relapsed between 3 months to 3 years after HSCT. In the high-dose CT group, 24 (10%) patients died of infectious complications and 79 (37%) patients developed a relapse. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 0.23 ± 0.10 and 0.44 ± 0.4 and the probability of the overall survival was 0.88 ± 0.08 and 0.83 ± 0.03 in the HSCT group and high-dose CT group, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). HSCT from a genoidentical sibling in intermediate-risk AML patients in first clinical and hematological remission is a safe and effective procedure, and tends to reduce the risk of AML relapse.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вопрос о целесообразности аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) у детей с острым миелоидным лейкозом (ОМЛ) промежуточного риска в первой клинико-гематологической ремиссии остается открытым. Мы проанализировали результаты ТГСК от геноидентичного сиблинга с миелоаблативным кондиционированием на основе высоких доз треосульфана и усиленной профилактикой реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ) у пациентов, получивших трансплантацию после 2 или 3 курсов химиотерапии (ХТ) в сравнении с продолжением высокодозной ХТ. Исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. В основную группу исследования вошли 22 реципиента ТГСК, в группу сравнения - 240 пациентов, у которых применяли высокодозную ХТ. В 15 случаях режим кондиционирования включал треосульфан, в 3 - бусульфан, в 4 - мелфалан. Источником трансплантата был костный мозг у 12 пациентов и периферические стволовые клетки - у 10. Профилактика РТПХ была усилена либо за счет добавления 1 или 2 дополнительных иммуносупрессивных препаратов, либо за счет увеличения длительности профилактики. Группу сравнения составили 240 пациентов, получивших 1 или 2 цикла консолидирующей терапии на основе высоких доз цитарабина. Г руппы были сравнимы по всем инициальным характеристикам. Приживление трансплантата достигнуто у всех пациентов: медиана интервала до приживления гранулоцитов - день +16 (разброс от +11-го до +21-го дня), до приживления тромбоцитов - день +15 (разброс от +11-го до +28-го дня). Основными проявлениями токсичности режимов кондиционирования были мукозит - у 12 (54%) пациентов, токсидермия - у 6 (27%) и повышение уровня аланинаминотрансферазы - у 4 (18%). Случаев токсической летальности не было. Острая и хроническая РТПХ, потребовавшая медикаментозной терапии, развилась у 15% пациентов. Четверо реципиентов ТГСК рецидивировали в сроки от 3 мес до 2 лет после трансплантации. В группе применения высокодозной ХТ 24 (10%) пациента умерли от инфекционных осложнений и у 79 (37%) развился рецидив ОМЛ. Кумулятивный риск рецидива составил 0,23 ± 0,10 и 0,44 ± 0,4, вероятность общей выживаемости - 0,88 ± 0,08 и 0,83 ± 0,03 у реципиентов ТГСК и высокодозной ХТ соответственно (p &gt; 0,05). ТГСК от геноидентичного сиблинга у пациентов промежуточного риска в первой клинико-гематологической ремиссии является безопасной и эффективной процедурой на уровне тенденции, снижающей риск рецидива ОМЛ. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>treosulfan</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острый миелоидныйлейкоз</kwd><kwd>родственная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>треосульфан</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinina I.I., Venyov D.A., Sadovskaya M.N., Starichkova Yu.V., Voronin K.A. 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