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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1026</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1026</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WPSYGC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of monoclonal antibodies on herpes virus reactivation and graft failure in children in the early period after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние моноклональных антител на реактивацию герпесвирусных инфекций и несостоятельность трансплантата у детей в раннем периоде после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-9860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudintseva</surname><given-names>Olesya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдинцева</surname><given-names>Олеся Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a postgraduate student at the B.V. Afanasyev Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation with the course of Pediatric Oncology, a pediatrician at Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children No.1 of the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Transplantation </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры гематологии, трансфузиологии, трансплантологии с курсом детской онкологии ФПО им. проф. Б.В. Афанасьева, врач-педиатр отделения трансплантации костного мозга для детей №1 Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhokar</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожокарь</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>Zh. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>Ж. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2004-408X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efizova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефизова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-2369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-6235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-4874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobegalova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Побегалова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-9225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>olesyayudintceva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1026">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1026</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim:</bold> To study herpes virus reactivation in the early post-transplant period in children treated with monoclonal antibodies and subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as well as analyze the effect of herpes virus infections on the development of graft failure and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included a total of 249 patients who had received their first allo-HSCT between January 2018 and December 2023. We studied the incidence of virus reactivation, MAS and graft failure and analyzed graft failure risk factors. Fifty-three (21%) patients were found to have not been tested for viral infections and therefore, excluded from the study.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>Virus reactivation before Day +100 was identified in 155 (79%) patients at a median of 24 days after allo-HSCT. A total of 81 (32.5%) patients developed graft failure, with prior herpes virus reactivation registered in 66 (75%) of them. MAS was diagnosed in 33 (13.2%) cases, with 29 of these patients later developing graft failure (mostly, primary graft failure – 18 (54%) cases). Seventy-two enrolled patients received monoclonal antibodies prior to allo-HSCT. Out of these, 46 (63.8%) children developed a viral infection, and 28.9% also experienced graft failure (chiefly, primary graft failure).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Herpes virus reactivation, MAS and treatment with monoclonal antibodies prior to allo-HSCT are risk factors for graft failure. Pre-transplant monoclonal antibody therapy is also a risk factor for herpes virus reactivation, MAS and graft failure.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования:</bold> изучить реактивацию герпесвирусных инфекций с учетом влияния предтрансплантационной терапии моноклональными антителами у детей в раннем периоде после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК), оценить влияние герпесвирусных инфекций на несостоятельность трансплантата и развитие синдрома активации макрофагов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование вошли 249 пациентов, которым была выполнена первая алло-ТГСК в период с января 2018 г. по декабрь 2023 г. Проанализирована частота реактивации вирусной инфекции, развития синдрома активации макрофагов и несостоятельности трансплантата. Проведен анализ факторов риска несостоятельности трансплантата. Пятьдесят три (21%) пациента не были обследованы на вирусную инфекцию и были исключены из исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Реактивация вирусной инфекции до дня +100 выявлена у 155 (79%) пациентов, медиана времени реактивации составила 24 дня после трансплантации. Несостоятельность трансплантата наблюдалась у 81 (32,5%) пациента, причем у 66 (75%) из них этому предшествовала реактивация герпесвирусных инфекций. Синдром активации макрофагов диагностирован у 33 (13,2%) пациентов, у 29 (87%) из них впоследствии развилась несостоятельность трансплантата, в основном первичное неприживление – 18 (54%) случаев. Предтрансплантационная терапия моноклональными антителами проведена 72 пациентам, вирусная инфекция развилась у 46 (63,8%) из них, в 28,9% случаев с реактивацией вирусной инфекции развилась несостоятельность трансплантата, в основном первичное неприживление.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Реактивация герпесвирусных инфекций, развитие синдрома активации макрофагов и применение моноклональных антител до проведения алло-ТГСК являются факторами риска несостоятельности трансплантата. Предтрансплантационная терапия с использованием моноклональных антител до алло-ТГСК является фактором риска реактивации герпесвирусных инфекций, развития синдрома макрофагальной активации и несостоятельности трансплантата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>herpes virus infections</kwd><kwd>macrophage activation syndrome</kwd><kwd>graft failure</kwd><kwd>acute graft-versus-host disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>герпесвирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>синдром активации макрофагов</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность трансплантата</kwd><kwd>острая реакция трансплантат против хозяина</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Афанасьев Б.В., Зубаровская Л.С., Моисеев И.С. 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