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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1033</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1033</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity in Russia: a 10-year overview</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика врожденных дефектов иммунитета в России: динамика за 10 лет</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-1694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Allergist-Immunologist at the Outpatient Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-аллерголог-иммунолог консультативного отделения </p></bio><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-205X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-0640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-6637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-8473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pampura</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пампура</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4834-4075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-1859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prodeus</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Продеус</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-5118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marakhonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марахонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marakhonov@generesearch.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-0899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ffmanya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.P. Bochkov Medical Genetic Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center "Institute of Immunology" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Research Clinical Center of Allergy and Immunology at City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Department of Health of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский городской научно-практический центр аллергологии и иммунологии ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (the Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Yu.E. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Moscow Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Минздрава Московской области»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1033">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1033</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Since 2017, the Russian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry managed by the National Association of Experts in Primary Immunodeficiencies (NAEPID) has been systematically collecting data on patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) making it possible to assess the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of these patients.</p> <p>The <bold>aim of the study </bold>was to analyze data from the Registry and to report changes in key epidemiological parameters collected over a period from 2015 to 2025, with an assessment of the impact of modern diagnostic tools and active educational efforts of the NAEPID.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>We conducted a retrospective study using anonymized data of patients included in the NAEPID Registry before 30.06.2025. We analyzed changes in prevalence and mortality rates over time by taking into account demographic characteristics and type of condition.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Our analysis included data from 6026 patients: 5499 (91.3%) alive and 527 deceased (8.7%). Over the past 10 years, mortality has declined by 60%, from 16.3 to 6.5 per 1000 children. However, the mortality profile by age and type of disease remained stable, with the majority of fatal cases (up to 54%) occurring in the first five years of life among patients with combined IEI. In 2024, IEI prevalence reached 3.76 per 100 000, which is 2.8 times higher than in 2020, with regional variability from 2.17 to 4.27 per 100 000. Over the past five years, the number of newly diagnosed adults has been steadily increasing, accounting for 16–22% of all new cases annually. Following the inclusion of IEI in the newborn screening (NBS) program, the percentage of cases detected through NBS comprised 19% of all new IEI diagnoses and 35% and 33% of pediatric cases diagnosed in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Over the last five years, the number of children diagnosed with IEI before one year of age has risen significantly (1.7-fold; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) due to new possibilities in diagnosing severe combined immunodeficiency, agammaglobulinemia, and some combined IEIs with syndromic features in the first weeks of life.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Despite a decade-long trend of steady growth of newly diagnosed cases of IEI, a decline in mortality, and better diagnosis and treatment, particularly for severe combined immunodeficiency and agammaglobulinemia, there are still a number of issues that require further investigation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Для анализа эффективности диагностики и лечения пациентов с врожденными дефектами иммунитета (ВДИ) в Российской Федерации с 2017 г. информация о них систематически поступает в регистр пациентов с первичными иммунодефицитными состояниями Национальной ассоциации экспертов в области первичных иммунодефицитов (НАЭПИД).</p> <p><bold>Цель работы </bold>– проанализировать данные регистра, представить динамику основных его показателей за период 2015–2025 гг. с оценкой влияния современных диагностических технологий, а также активной образовательной деятельности НАЭПИД.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено ретроспективное исследование с использованием деперсонифицированных данных пациентов, внесенных в регистр НАЭПИД до 30.06.2025. Выполнен анализ динамики показателей распространенности, летальности с оценкой демографических и нозологических срезов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В анализ включены 6026 пациентов, из них живы – 5499 (91,3%), умерли – 527 (8,7%). В течение 10 лет показатель смертности снизился на 60%: с 16,3 до 6,5 на 1000 детей. За этот промежуток времени возрастная и нозологическая структура смертности не изменилась: по-прежнему большинство летальных исходов (до 54%) приходится на первые 5 лет жизни среди пациентов с комбинированными формами ВДИ. Показатель распространенности в 2024 г. достиг 3,76 на 100 000, что в 2,8 раза выше уровня 2020 г., сохраняется вариабельность по федеральным округам: от 2,17 до 4,27 на 100 000. За последние 5 лет сохраняется стабильный рост числа впервые диагностированных пациентов старше 18 лет – они составляют 16–22% от общего числа ежегодно выявляемых новых случаев. После включения ВДИ в программу неонатального скрининга доля пациентов, выявленных с ее помощью, составила 19% среди всех новых случаев ВДИ и 35% и 33% всех детей с ВДИ, выявленных в 2023 и 2024 гг. соответственно. За последние 5 лет статистически значимо (в 1,7 раза; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001) увеличилось число детей с диагностированным ВДИ на первом году жизни за счет появления возможностей диагностики тяжелой комбинированной иммунной недостаточности, агаммаглобулинемии и некоторых синдромальных форм комбинированных ВДИ в первые недели жизни ребенка.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Несмотря на то, что в течение 10 лет наблюдения отмечаются стабильный рост числа впервые диагностированных случаев ВДИ, снижение летальности, улучшение диагностики и оказания помощи пациентам с тяжелой комбинированной иммунной недостаточностью и агаммаглобулинемиями, все еще сохраняется ряд вопросов, требующих более детального изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inborn errors of immunity</kwd><kwd>extended neonatal screening</kwd><kwd>registry</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные дефекты иммунитета</kwd><kwd>расширенный неонатальный скрининг</kwd><kwd>регистр</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bousfiha A., Moundir A., Tangye S.G., Picard C., Jeddane L., Al-Herz W. et al. 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