Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children105010.24287/j.1050MCTVSTLITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫReview ArticleModern concepts of clonal hematopoiesis and its clinical significance in the development of hematologic malignanciesСовременные представления о клональном гемопоэзе и его клиническое значение в развитии онкогематологических заболеванийhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6363-9602MalyasovaNataliya S.МалясоваНаталия Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD in Clinical Laboratory Medicine of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology

врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории молекулярной биологии

nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-5662PavlovaA. V.ПавловаА. В.
Russian Federation
nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-2075DeordievaE. A.ДеордиеваЕ. А.
Russian Federation
nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1499SmetaninaN. S.СметанинаН. С.
Russian Federation
nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-2053RaykinaE. V.РайкинаЕ. В.
Russian Federation
nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ruThe Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России290120262442112210111202518112025Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2026«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1050

Clonal hematopoiesis is a condition that develops as a result of the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, leading to the formation of clones with a selective advantage. Initially considered a marker of aging, it is now recognized as an important risk factor for the development of both hematological and non-hematological diseases. This article systematizes current scientific understanding of the key molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of clonal hematopoiesis, details its main genetic determinants, and analyzes the pathogenetic role of this phenomenon in the development of congenital and acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. Special attention is paid to elucidating the complex pathophysiological relationships between clonal hematopoiesis and oncological diseases, particularly the formation and progression of solid tumors. A deep understanding of the dynamic changes characterizing the evolution of clonal hematopoiesis is of fundamental importance for improving approaches to early diagnosis, accurate prediction of individual risk of malignant transformation, and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from various forms of bone marrow pathology and oncological diseases.

Клональный гемопоэз – это состояние, развивающееся в результате накопления соматических мутаций в гемопоэтических стволовых клетках, что приводит к формированию клонов с селективным преимуществом. Изначально считавшийся маркером старения сегодня он признан важным фактором риска развития гематологических и негематологических заболеваний. В рамках настоящей статьи систематизированы современные научные представления о ключевых молекулярных механизмах инициации и прогрессирования клонального гемопоэза, детально охарактеризованы его основные генетические детерминанты, а также проанализирована патогенетическая роль данного феномена в развитии врожденных и приобретенных синдромов костномозговой недостаточности. Особое внимание уделено раскрытию сложных патофизиологических взаимосвязей между клональным гемопоэзом и онкологическими заболеваниями, в частности формированием и прогрессией солидных опухолей. Глубокое понимание динамических изменений, характеризующих эволюцию клонального гемопоэза, имеет фундаментальное значение для совершенствования подходов к ранней диагностике, точному прогнозированию индивидуального риска злокачественной трансформации и разработке персонализированных стратегий терапевтического вмешательства для пациентов, страдающих различными формами патологии костного мозга и онкологическими заболеваниями.

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