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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1058</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical, morphological and molecular genetic characteristics in patients with bilateral kidney tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-морфологические и молекулярно-генетические характеристики у пациентов с билатеральным поражением почек</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7846-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagoyan</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагоян</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Pediatric Oncologist of Pediatric Oncology Department No. 1 (Chemotherapy of Tumors of Thoracoabdominal Localization) of the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences L.A. Durnov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, врач-детский онколог детского онкологического отделения №1 (химиотерапии опухолей торакоабдоминальной локализации) НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л.А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-1879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9705-1001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-539X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-6557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gegeliya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гегелия</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-1109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sagoyan-garik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-24"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1058">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1058</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Bilateral kidney tumors (BKT) in patients with nephroblastoma is a relatively rare clinical situation and a more complex treatment challenge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, morphological, and molecular genetic characteristics of patients with BKT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients aged 2.4 to 56.2 months with histologically confirmed nephroblastoma/nephroblastomatosis treated at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from September 1, 2019, to June 1, 2024. Clinical and morphological features, molecular genetic characteristics, the presence of predisposing conditions, and the extent of surgical intervention were examined.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The median age at diagnosis in patients with and without tumor predisposition syndrome (PS) was 25 months (range, 2.4–56.2 months) and 30 months (range, 12.6–51.1 months), respectively. The female:male ratio was 1.5:1. In 23/29 (79,3%) patients with BKT, based on molecular genetic studies, germinal mutations in genes and epigenetic disorders were detected (in most cases, mutations in the <italic>WT1</italic> and <italic>TRIM28</italic> genes were detected and the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome spectrum was diagnosed). A statistically significant effect of the histological variant of nephroblastoma and PS was observed: <italic>WT1</italic> patients had predominantly stromal histology, <italic>TRIM28</italic> patients had epithelial histology, and patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome spectrum had predominantly regressive nephroblastoma (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). In 70% of cases, the main clinical sign indicating a renal tumor was abdominal enlargement and/or the presence of a tumor in the abdominal cavity. Stage V disease was diagnosed in 80% of children, and stage IV (metastatic lung disease) in 20%. After 6 weeks of VA therapy, 12/30 (40%) patients required additional courses of polychemotherapy using the VA and Carbo/Eto regimens according to the UMBRELLA SIOP-RTSG 2016 protocol. In 2/12 (16.7%) patients, negative dynamics were observed with tumor growth during specialized treatment; both patients had bilateral stromal nephroblastoma. Surgical treatment in most cases involved bilateral nephron-sparing surgery (22/30; 73.3%), and only 6 cases were microscopically classified as R1 resections. The local stage at which the patient subsequently received therapy was stage I in most cases (60%). Three-year overall survival and event-free survival were 93.3% and 87.8%, respectively. Four events were recorded: one local recurrence and three deaths (one due to disease progression, one due to infectious complications, and one due to early postoperative pulmonary embolism).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> BKT is a rare condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Additional courses of chemotherapy according to the UMBRELLA SIOP-RTSG 2016 protocol improve the response to therapy in most cases, reducing tumor size and increasing the likelihood of organ-preserving surgery. In cases of lack of response to chemotherapy or disease progression, surgical treatment is considered. Surgical treatment should be performed in specialized centers. Genetic counseling is necessary to exclude BKT. There is a correlation between the histological variant of nephroblastoma and PS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Билатеральное поражение почек (БПП) у пациентов с нефробластомой представляет собой относительно редкую клиническую ситуацию и сложную задачу при лечении.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка клинико-морфологических и молекулярно-генетических характеристик у пациентов с БПП.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ 30 пациентов в возрасте от 2,4 до 56,2 месяца с гистологически подтвержденной нефробластомой/нефробластоматозом, получавших лечение в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина за период с 01.09.2019 по 01.06.2024. Изучались клиническо-морфологические особенности, молекулярно-генетические характеристики, наличие предрасполагающих состояний, объем хирургического вмешательства.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза у пациентов с синдромом предрасположенности к опухолевым заболеваниям (СПО) и без него составили 25 месяцев (разброс – 2,4–56,2 месяца) и 30 месяцев (разброс – 12,6–51,1 месяца) соответственно. Соотношение девочки:мальчики было равно 1,5:1. У 23/29 (79,3%) пациентов с БПП на основании молекулярно-генетических исследований были выявлены герминальные мутации в генах и эпигенетические нарушения (в большинстве случаев выявлены мутации в генах <italic>WT1</italic>, <italic>TRIM28</italic>, диагностирован спектр синдрома Беквита–Видемана). Получено статистически значимое влияние гистологического варианта нефробластомы и СПО: при мутации <italic>WT1</italic> у пациентов наблюдалась преимущественно стромальная гистология, при мутации <italic>TRIM28</italic> – эпителиальная, пациенты со спектром синдрома Беквита–Видемана имели преимущественно регрессивный вариант нефробластомы (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). В 70% случаев основным клиническим признаком, указывающим на новообразование почек, было увеличение живота в размерах и/или наличие новообразования в брюшной полости. У 80% детей установлена V стадия заболевания, у 20% – IV стадия (метастатическое поражение легких). В 12/30 (40%) случаях после 6 нед лечения по схеме VA дополнительно потребовалось провести курсы полихимиотерапии (ПХТ) по схемам VA и Carbo/Eto согласно протоколу UMBRELLA SIOP-RTSG 2016. У 2/12 (16,7%) пациентов на фоне специального лечения отмечалась отрицательная динамика в виде увеличения объема опухолей, оба пациента были со стромальным вариантом нефробластомы с обеих сторон. Хирургическое лечение в большинстве случаев выполнено в объеме двусторонней нефронсберегающей операции (22/30; 73,3%) и только в 6 случаях микроскопически операция расценена как R1-резекция. Локальная стадия заболевания, согласно которой пациент в дальнейшем получал терапию, в большинстве случаев была I (60%). Трехлетняя общая и бессобытийная выживаемость составили 93,3% и 87,8% соответственно. Зарегистрировано 4 события: 1 локальный рецидив, 3 смерти (прогрессирование заболевания – 1, инфекционные осложнения – 1, ранние послеоперационные сутки осложнились тромбоэмболией легочной артерии – 1).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>БПП – редкое состояние, требующее мультидисциплинарного подхода. Дополнительные курсы ПХТ по протоколу UMBRELLA SIOP-RTSG 2016 в большинстве случаев улучшают ответ на терапию, сокращая размеры опухолей и повышая вероятность органосохраняющих операций. При отсутствии ответа на ПХТ или прогрессировании заболевания рассматривается хирургическое лечение, которое необходимо выполнять в специализированных центрах. Для исключения СПО необходимо медико-генетическое консультирование. Имеется корреляция между гистологическим вариантом нефробластомы и СПО.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephroblastoma</kwd><kwd>bilateral kidney tumors</kwd><kwd>predisposition syndromes</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефробластома</kwd><kwd>билатеральное поражение почек</kwd><kwd>синдромы предрасположенности к опухолевым заболеваниям</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Balis F., Green D.M., Anderson C., Cook S., Dhillon J., Gow K. et al. Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021;19(8):945–77. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.0037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Steliarova-Foucher E., Colombet M., Ries L.A.G., Moreno F., Dolya A., Bray F. et al.; IICC-3 contributors. 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