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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1061</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1061</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RUCFQH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fusariosis in immunocompromised pediatric patients: results of a single-center study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фузариоз у иммунокомпрометированных пациентов детского возраста: результаты моноцентрового исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-7269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>Galina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>Галина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Deputy Chief Physician for Infection Control, Head of Infection Control Unit </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заместитель главного врача по инфекционному контролю–заведующая отделением инфекционного контроля</p></bio><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6291-8849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-4335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vereshchagina</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верещагина</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-4329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-811X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-6195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhushnaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожушная</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-2008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Satsuk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сацук</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1061">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1061</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past two decades, the incidence of rare invasive mycoses, including fusariosis, has increased. Fusariosis remains diagnostically challenging and is associated with high mortality. Here, we present the results of a retrospective-prospective single-center study conducted between 01.01.2013 and 01.11.2025 at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic performance, and treatment outcomes of immunocompromised children with fusariosis. It included 16 patients (10 males and 6 females), the median age was 11.5 years (range 2.5–16.0). Hematological malignancies were present in 70% of the cases; primary immunodeficiency, aplastic anemia, osteosarcoma, and systemic lupus erythematosus were less common. Fusariosis developed after chemotherapy (<italic>n</italic> = 9), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (<italic>n</italic> = 4), or immunosuppressive therapy (<italic>n</italic> = 3). The major risk factors included severe neutropenia and corticosteroid use (87.5%). Disseminated disease occurred in 50% of the patients, localized fusariosis was diagnosed in 40% of the patients, and isolated fungemia was reported in one case. The most frequently affected sites were skin/soft tissues (50%), paranasal sinuses (50%), and lungs (43.75%). Parenchymal organs, bones and eyes were involved less often. The main pathogens were<italic> Fusarium solani </italic>(<italic>n</italic> = 6) and <italic>Fusarium proliferatum </italic>(<italic>n</italic> = 5), followed by <italic>Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticilioides, and Fusarium petroliphilum</italic>. Seven patients developed invasive fungal co-infections with <italic>Aspergillus flavus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 4), <italic>Rhizopus</italic> spp. (<italic>n</italic> = 1), <italic>Scedosporium aurantiacum</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1) and <italic>Candida glabrata</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1) which was associated with increased mortality. First-line therapy included lipid formulations of amphotericin B (81%) and voriconazole (56%); combination therapy was used in 62.5% of the cases. Fourteen patients achieved a rapid partial response (the median time to response was 21 days), which correlated with favorable outcomes: all these patients were cured and had significantly higher overall survival. In the entire cohort, the 6-week survival was 81%, the overall survival was 69%. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of timely diagnosis and specific therapy for invasive fusariosis in the most vulnerable category of immunocompromised children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В течение двух последних десятилетий отмечается увеличение частоты развития редких инвазивных микозов, в том числе фузариоза, характерными особенностями которого являются сложность диагностики и высокий уровень летальности. В данной публикации представлены результаты ретроспективно-проспективного моноцентрового исследования, проведенного в период с 01.01.2013 по 01.11.2025 в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России в целях оценки клинических особенностей, эффективности диагностики и терапии фузариоза у иммунокомпрометированных детей. В исследование были включены 16 пациентов (10 мальчиков и 6 девочек) с медианой возраста 11,5 (2,5–16,0) лет. В 70% случаев были диагностированы гемобластозы, реже – первичные иммунодефицитные синдромы, апластическая анемия, остеогенная саркома и системная красная волчанка. Развитию фузариоза предшествовало проведение химиотерапии (<italic>n </italic>= 9), трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (<italic>n</italic> = 4) и иммуносупрессивной терапии (<italic>n </italic>= 3). Основными факторами риска являлись глубокая нейтропения и назначение кортикостероидов (87,5%). В 50% случаев отмечалось развитие диссеминированных форм фузариоза, в 40% – локализованных форм и у 1 пациента – изолированной фунгемии. Наиболее часто выявляли поражение кожи/мягких тканей (50%), придаточных пазух носа (50%) и легких (43,75%), реже – паренхиматозных органов, костей и глаз. Основными патогенами явились <italic>Fusarium solani</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 6) и<italic> Fusarium proliferatum</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 5), реже – <italic>Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticilioides, Fusarium petroliphilum</italic>. У 7 пациентов отмечалось развитие других микозов с идентификацией<italic> Aspergillus flavus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 4), <italic>Rhizopus</italic> spp. (<italic>n</italic> = 1),<italic> Scedosporium aurantiacum</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1) и <italic>Candida glabrata</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1), что было ассоциировано с более высокой летальностью. Для терапии первой линии назначали липидные формы амфотерицина В (81%), вориконазол (56%), реже – изавуконазол и позаконазол, в 62,5% случаев терапия была комбинированной. У 14 пациентов отмечалось быстрое достижение парциального ответа (медиана 21 день), что явилось предиктором благоприятного исхода – у всех пациентов отмечалось излечение от фузариоза, уровень общей выживаемости был достоверно выше. Во всей группе пациентов 6-недельная выживаемость составила 81%, общая – 69%. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали эффективность своевременной диагностики и целенаправленной терапии инвазивного фузариоза у наиболее уязвимой категории иммунокомпрометированных пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fusariosis</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>onco-hematology</kwd><kwd>invasive mycosis</kwd><kwd>antifungal treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фузариоз</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>онкогематология</kwd><kwd>инвазивный микоз</kwd><kwd>противогрибковая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nucci М., Anaissie Е. Invasive fusariosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023;36(4): e0015922.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Hatmi A.M., Hagen F., Menken S.B.J., Meis J., de Hoog G.S. 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