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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1075</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphology of megakaryocytes and their distribution by maturation stages in pediatric patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология и распределение по стадиям созревания мегакариоцитов у педиатрических пациентов c хроническими миелопролиферативными новообразованиями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-8006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanina</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянина</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-5588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6945-8302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>A. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7349-6842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8135-0751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1407-9025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosov</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носов</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-9427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-0026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Phys.-Math. Sci., Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Biophysics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизики</p></bio><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-7325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kuznetsova.sonya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Theoretical Problems of Physical and Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – the K.I. Skryabin MVA</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии – МВА им. К.И. Скрябина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (the Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center "Institute of Immunology", Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1075">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1075</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) are Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by increased megakaryocyte proliferation. Although megakaryocyte morphometry in bone marrow biopsy samples has been well studied, their morphology and distribution by maturation stages remain insufficiently investigated.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of our work is to study the distribution of megakaryocytes from the patients with ET and PV by maturation stages, as well as their ability to form podosomes upon contact with extracellular matrix proteins.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We isolated megakaryocytes from 12 patients with ET, 4 patients with PV, and 25 healthy donors using a transparent slide with immobilized monafram – the F(ab′)2 fragment of a mouse monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein IIb–IIIa. Their morphology, distribution by maturation stages, and size were analyzed. In 3 healthy donors and 3 patients with ET, we analyzed the density of podosomes formed during incubation with monafram, collagen I, and fibrinogen using fluorescent confocal microscopy (staining with fluorescently labeled phalloidin).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Compared with the healthy donors, the patients with ET and PV had a significantly higher proportion of mature megakaryocytes, but a lower proportion of megakaryocytes at the second stage of maturation. Megakaryocyte size in the patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms was also significantly greater than in the healthy donors: in the ET patients – starting from the second stage of maturation, and in the PV patients – starting from the third stage of maturation. The density of podosomes per unit area formed by megakaryocytes on slides with immobilized monafram, collagen I, and fibrinogen in the ET patients did not differ from that in the healthy donors. Podosome density on fibrinogen exceeded that on collagen I, which is consistent with the literature data.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Among megakaryocytes isolated from the bone marrow aspirates of the patients with ET and PV, mature forms predominate; these cells are larger than normal megakaryocytes and often have multilobulated nuclei. The actin cytoskeleton in the ET patients is not disrupted and upon cell contact with extracellular matrix proteins, forms podosomes that are similar in structure and number to those of megakaryocytes from the healthy donors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Эссенциальная тромбоцитемия (ЭТ) и истинная полицитемия (ИП) – Ph-негативные хронические миелопролиферативные новообразования, характеризующиеся усиленной пролиферацией мегакариоцитов. Хотя морфометрия мегакариоцитов в биоптатах костного мозга хорошо изучена, их морфология и распределение по стадиям созревания исследованы недостаточно.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы</bold> – исследование распределения мегакариоцитов пациентов с ЭТ и ИП по стадиям созревания, а также их способности образовывать подосомы при контакте с белками внеклеточного матрикса.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> У 12 пациентов с ЭТ, 4 – с ИП и 25 здоровых доноров с помощью прозрачной подложки с иммобилизованным монафрамом – F(ab′)2-фрагментом мышиного моноклонального антитела к гликопротеину IIb–IIIa – были выделены мегакариоциты и исследованы их морфология, распределение по стадиям созревания и размеры. Для 3 здоровых доноров и 3 пациентов с ЭТ методом флуореcцентной конфокальной микроскопии была также исследована плотность подосом, образующихся при инкубации с монафрамом, коллагеном I и фибриногеном с помощью окраски флуоресцентно меченым фаллоидином.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У пациентов с ЭП и ИТ доля зрелых мегакариоцитов была значимо выше, а доля мегакариоцитов на 2-й стадии созревания – ниже, чем у здоровых доноров. Размеры мегакариоцитов у пациентов с хроническими миелопролиферативными новообразованиями также были значимо больше, чем у здоровых доноров: у пациентов с ЭТ – начиная со 2-й стадии созревания, а у пациентов с ИП – с 3-й стадии. Плотность подосом на единицу площади клетки, образуемых мегакариоцитами на подложках с иммобилизованными монафрамом, коллагеном I и фибриногеном у пациентов с ЭТ, не отличалась от здоровых доноров, а плотность подосом на фибриногене превышала их плотность на коллагене I, что соответствует литературным данным.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Среди мегакариоцитов, выделенных из пунктатов костного мозга пациентов с ЭТ и ИП, преобладают зрелые формы, превышающие по размерам нормальные мегакариоциты, часто с многодольчатыми ядрами. Актиновый цитоскелет у пациентов с ЭТ не нарушен и образует подосомы при контакте клетки с белками внеклеточного матрикса, совпадающие по структуре и количеству с подосомами мегакариоцитов здоровых доноров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>megakaryocytes</kwd><kwd>polycythemia vera</kwd><kwd>essential thrombocythemia</kwd><kwd>actin</kwd><kwd>podosome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мегакариоциты</kwd><kwd>истинная полицитемия</kwd><kwd>эссенциальная тромбоцитемия</kwd><kwd>актин</kwd><kwd>подосома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>25-25-20193</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by a grant from the Russian Scientific Foundation (project No. 25-25-20193)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №25-25-20193)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Larson M.K., Watson S.P. 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