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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1096</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1096</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Somatic oncogenic events in Shwachman–Diamond syndrome: molecular genetic characterization and clinical significance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Соматические события с онкогенным потенциалом при синдроме Швахмана–Даймонда: молекулярно-генетическая характеристика и клиническое значение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6363-9602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyasova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малясова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD in Clinical Laboratory Medicine at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-5662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-4646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-2075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deordieva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деордиева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-2053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raykina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nataliya.malyasova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1096">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1096</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a hereditary bone marrow failure syndrome associated with an increased risk of myeloid neoplasms. Somatic genetic events play a significant role in the pathogenesis of malignant transformation in SDS; however, their clinical significance remains understudied.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>To study the spectrum of somatic genetic and cytogenetic changes in patients with SDS and their potential association with myeloid transformation.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 41 patients with SDS. High-throughput sequencing using the “Clonality of Hematopoiesis” targeted gene panel and cytogenetic testing by fluorescence <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization were performed. The frequency, type, and variant allele frequency (VAF) of the somatic variants were analyzed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Somatic transforming events were detected in 21.9% of the patients. Most commonly found were variants in the <italic>TP53</italic> gene, mainly with low VAF and no signs of malignant transformation. Myeloid neoplasms developed in the presence of high-VAF mutations or alternative oncogenic events.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The obtained data demonstrate the heterogeneity of myeloid transformation pathways in SDS and highlight the need for comprehensive molecular genetic testing in the clinical monitoring of affected patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Синдром Швахмана–Даймонда (СШД) относится к наследственным синдромам костномозговой недостаточности и ассоциирован с повышенным риском развития миелоидных новообразований. Существенную роль в патогенезе злокачественной трансформации при СШД играют соматические генетические события, однако их клиническое значение остается недостаточно изученным.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить спектр соматических генетических и цитогенетических изменений у пациентов с СШД и их возможную связь с миелоидной трансформацией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включен 41 пациент с СШД. Выполнены высокопроизводительное секвенирование с помощью таргетной панели генов «Клональность гемопоэза» и цитогенетическое исследование методом флуоресцентной гибридизации<italic> in situ </italic>(fluorescence<italic> in situ </italic>hybridization). Проанализированы частота, тип и частота вариантных аллелей соматических изменений.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Соматические трансформирующие события выявлены у 21,9% пациентов. Наиболее часто обнаруживались варианты в гене <italic>TP53</italic>, преимущественно с низкой аллельной фракцией и без признаков злокачественной трансформации. Миелоидные новообразования развивались при наличии высокоаллельных мутаций или альтернативных онкогенных событий.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные свидетельствуют о гетерогенности путей миелоидной трансформации при СШД и подчеркивают необходимость комплексной молекулярно-генетической оценки при клиническом наблюдении пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Shwachman–Diamond syndrome</kwd><kwd>somatic mutations</kwd><kwd>clonal hematopoiesis</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>myeloid neoplasms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Швахмана–Даймонда</kwd><kwd>соматические мутации</kwd><kwd>клональный гемопоэз</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>миелоидные новообразования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Myers K.C., Bolyard A.A., Otto B., Wong T.E., Jones A.T., Harris R.E. et al. 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