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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1104</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1104</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VFOMOU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The use of adalimumab in the treatment of acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease and enteropathy in children following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения адалимумаба в терапии интестинальной формы острой реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» и энтеропатии у детей после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующая отделением трансплантации костного мозга, Российская детская клиническая больница<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>skorobog.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-6443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olkhova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольхова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская детская клиническая больница<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>skorobog.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8396-4987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvarov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уваров</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская детская клиническая больница<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>skorobog.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-2006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsimbalova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цимбалова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Российская детская клиническая больница<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>skorobog.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1104">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1104</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) over the past decades, its severe forms remain one of the leading causes of mortality. Approaches to treating aGVHD and enteropathy are continually evolving. Presently, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors can be considered not only second- or third-line therapies but also first-line treatment.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> to explore the use of adalimumab in children with intestinal aGVHD and enteropathy.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This is the first Russian study on the use of adalimumab in children with intestinal aGVHD and enteropathy. From July 2025 to March 2026, the drug was administered to 5 children (4 boys and 1 girl): 3 of them with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 with acute myeloid leukemia, and 1 with a congenital immune defect. The median age at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was 10 (4–16) years. Haploidentical HSCT was performed in 3 children, while the others underwent HSCT from HLA-matched unrelated donors. In 4 cases, native peripheral blood stem cells were used as the graft, and 1 patient received bone marrow-derived stem cells. For aGVHD prophylaxis/treatment, janus kinase inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, abatacept, rituximab, vedolizumab, tocilizumab, and etanercept were used. Adalimumab was indicated for enteropathy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Leukopoiesis recovery was achieved in all the patients within 15 (12–20) days, and complete donor chimerism has persisted since Day 30. In 3 out of 5 children, clinical response was observed after the first administration of adalimumab. One patient responded after the second administration: despite gastrointestinal contamination with <italic>Ps. aeruginosa</italic> and adenoviremia, escalation of immunosuppression did not affect resolution of the infection. In the patient with grade III–IV hepatic and intestinal aGVHD, a reduction to grade I was achieved after the 7<sup>th</sup> adalimumab administration. All the children are currently alive, and four of them do not require inpatient treatment.</p> <p><bold>Discussion.</bold> Our findings suggest that adalimumab has great therapeutic potential. By specifically targeting the key proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, it can quickly and effectively relieve severe manifestations of intestinal syndrome in patients at high risk of post-transplant progression of enteropathy of various etiologies.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Adalimumab may be considered for the treatment of aGVHD and enteropathy but its use requires careful monitoring of infectious risks when integrated into combination immunosuppressive therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Несмотря на значительные успехи, достигнутые за последние десятилетия в профилактике и терапии острой реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (оРТПХ), ее тяжелые формы до сих пор являются одной из главных причин смертности. Подходы к терапии оРТПХ и энтеропатии непрерывно эволюционируют. В настоящее время ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли могут рассматриваться не только как вторая или третья, но и как первая линии терапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – продемонстрировать опыт применения адалимумаба у детей с интестинальной формой оРТПХ и энтеропатией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Впервые в России представлен опыт применения адалимумаба у детей с интестинальной формой оРТПХ и энтеропатией. С июля 2025 г. по март 2026 г. препарат получили 5 детей (4 мальчика и 1 девочка): 3 пациента с острым лимфобластным лейкозом, 1 – с острым миелоидным лейкозом, 1 – с врожденным дефектом иммунитета. Медиана возраста на момент проведения трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток составила 10 (4–16) лет. Гаплоидентичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток была проведена 3 детям, неродственная HLA-идентичная – 2. В качестве трансплантата у 4 пациентов использованы нативные стволовые клетки периферической крови, у 1 – костный мозг. В качестве профилактики/терапии оРТПХ у детей использовались ингибиторы янус-киназ, циклофосфамид, абатацепт, ритуксимаб, ведолизумаб, тоцилизумаб, этанерцепт. Показанием для введения адалимумаба служили проявления энтеропатии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Восстановление лейкопоэза было достигнуто у всех пациентов в течение 15 (12–20) дней, полный донорский химеризм персистировал с 30-го дня по настоящее время. У 3 из 5 детей клинический эффект фиксировался после первого введения адалимумаба. У 1 ребенка эффект был достигнут после второго введения и, несмотря на контаминацию <italic>Ps</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>aeruginosa</italic> желудочно-кишечного тракта и аденовиремию, эскалация иммуносупрессии не повлияла на разрешение инфекционного процесса. У пациента с печеночной и кишечной формами оРТПХ III–IV степени была достигнута редукция до I степени после 7-го введения адалимумаба. Все дети на сегодняшний день живы, 4 не нуждаются в стационарном лечении.</p> <p><bold>Обсуждение.</bold> На основании нашего исследования можно предположить, что терапевтический потенциал адалимумаба представляется весьма перспективным. Его целенаправленное действие на ключевой провоспалительный цитокин – фактор некроза опухоли-альфа – быстро и эффективно может купировать тяжелые проявления кишечного синдрома у пациентов с высоким риском прогрессирования энтеропатии различного генеза в посттрансплантационном периоде.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Адалимумаб может рассматриваться в арсенале средств для лечения оРТПХ и энтеропатии, но его применение требует тщательного контроля инфекционных рисков при интеграции в структуру комбинированной иммуносупрессивной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>adalimumab</kwd><kwd>tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>реакция трансплантат против хозяина</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>адалимумаб</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли-альфа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gatza E., Reddy P., Choi S.W. 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