<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GBFMLM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biobanking of CD45RA-depleted products: assessment of the functional status of virus-specific memory T cells during long-term cryopreservation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности биобанкирования CD45RA-деплетированных продуктов: оценка функционального состояния вирус-специфических Т-клеток памяти при длительном криохранении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0448-504X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazmina</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казьмина</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD in Clinical Laboratory Medicine at the Department of Transfusiology, Procurement and Processing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики отделения трансфузиологии, заготовки и процессинга гемопоэтических стволовых клеток </p></bio><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3801-0931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzaleva</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музалева</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-8299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzalevskiy</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музалевский</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефименко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-5354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-1223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-3486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-1617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trakhtman</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трахтман</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rinakazmina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-28"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1118">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1118</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The quantification and functional assessment of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) in donor cell products is an important factor for predicting immune reconstitution and planning antiviral treatment in recipients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> to assess the quantity and functionality of VSTs in CD45RA-depleted donor lymphocyte products after long-term cryopreservation.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study included peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples obtained from 16 donors and samples of their CD45RA-depleted fractions: fresh and thawed after 2–4 weeks, 5 and 7 years of cryopreservation. The number of VSTs specific to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus (ADV) was determined by the ELISpot assay (300 000 mononuclear cells per sample). Before analysis of the CD45RA-depleted products, the cells were rested for 18 hours in CTL Test Medium.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> CD45RA-depleted products, both before cryopreservation and after thawing without subsequent cell resting, exhibited very low detectability of VSTs, despite the high frequency of such cells in the peripheral blood of the same donors. After resting, the detectability of VSTs recovered both in fresh and thawed CD45RA-depleted samples. Cryopreservation for 5 years was associated with a marked reduction in the detectability of CMV-, EBV-, and ADV-specific cells. When the cryopreservation period extended to 7 years, a further reduction in the detectability of ADV- and EBV-specific T cells was observed; however, the level of CMV-specific T cells did not show such significant changes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The ELISpot assay performed on cryopreserved CD45RA-depleted samples prior to clinical use helps to assess the functional activity of pathogen-specific cells. For reliable quantification of VSTs in CD45RA-depleted products, cells should be cultured for 18 hours in serum-free medium before the ELISpot assay.</p> </abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Определение количества и функциональных свойств вирус-специфических Т-лимфоцитов (ВСТ) в донорских клеточных продуктах является важным фактором прогнозирования иммунореконституции и планирования противовирусной терапии у реципиентов после трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить количество и функциональные свойства ВСТ в CD45RA-деплетированных продуктах донорских лимфоцитов после длительного срока криоконсервации.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование вошли образцы мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови 16 доноров и образцы их CD45RA-деплетированных фракций: свежие продукты, размороженные после 2–4 нед, 5 и 7 лет криохранения. Количество ВСТ, специфичных к цитомегаловирусу (CMV), вирусу Эпштейна–Барр (EBV) и аденовирусу (ADV), определяли методом ELISpot из расчета на 300 000 мононуклеарных клеток в образце. Перед исследованием CD45RA-деплетированных продуктов проводили клеточный рестинг – клетки культивировали в течение 18 ч в среде CTL-Test Medium.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Для CD45RA-деплетированных продуктов как до криоконсервации, так и после размораживания без этапа рестинга характерна крайне низкая выявляемость ВСТ, несмотря на высокую частоту обнаружения этих клеток в периферической крови тех же доноров. После проведения рестинга выявляемость ВСТ восстанавливалась как в свежих, так и в размороженных CD45RA-деплетированных образцах. Криохранение в течение 5 лет сопровождалось выраженным снижением выявляемости CMV-, EBV- и ADV-специфичных клеток. При увеличении срока криохранения до 7 лет наблюдалось дальнейшее снижение выявляемости ADV- и EBV-специфичных лимфоцитов, тогда как уровень CMV-специфичных лимфоцитов не сопровождался столь выраженными изменениями.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведение ELISpot-анализа перед клиническим применением CD45RA-деплетированных образцов после криоконсервации позволяет оценить функциональную активность патоген-специфических клеток. Для достоверного определения содержания ВСТ в CD45RA-деплетированных продуктах необходимо культивирование клеток в течение 18 ч в бессывороточной среде перед проведением исследования методом ELISpot.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ELISpot</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells transplantation</kwd><kwd>CD45RA-depletion</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ELISpot</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>CD45RA-деплеция</kwd><kwd>криоконсервация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tapuchova I., Pytlik R., Simara P., Tesarova L., Koutna I. Cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses after hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation: From antiviral drugs to virus-specific T cells. Transpl Immunol 2022;71:101539.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Moosmann A., Hammerschmidt W., Kolb H.J. Virus-specific T cells for therapy – approaches, problems, solutions. Eur J Cell Biol 2012;91(1):97–101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Triplett B.M., Muller B., Kang G., Li Y., Cross S.J., Moen J. et al. Selective T-cell depletion targeting CD45RA reduces viremia and enhances early T-cell recovery compared with CD3-targeted T-cell depletion. Transpl Infect Dis 2018;20(1):1–17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Dunaikina M., Zhekhovtsova Z.., Shelikhova L, Glushkova S., Nikolaev R., Blagov S. et al. Safety and efficacy of the low-dose memory (CD45RA-depleted) donor lymphocyte infusion in recipients of αβ T cell-depleted haploidentical grafts: results of a prospective randomized trial in high-risk childhood leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021;56(7):1614–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Maschan M., Blagov S., Shelikhova L., Shekhovtsova Z., Balashov D., Starichkova J. et al. Low-dose donor memory T-cell infusion after TCR alpha/beta depleted unrelated and haploidentical transplantation: results of a pilot trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018;53(3): 264–73.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Hont A.B., Powell A.B., Sohai D.K., Valdez I.K., Stanojevic M., Geiger A.E. et al. The generation and application of antigen-specific T cell therapies for cancer and viral-associated disease. Mol Ther 2022;30(6):2130–52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Smagur A., Mitrus I., Giebel S., Sadus-Wojciechowska M., Najda J., Kruzel T. et al. Impact of different dimethyl sulphoxide concentrations on cell recovery, viability and clonogenic potential of cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Vox Sang 2013;104(3):240–7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Bennett B., Hanotaux J., Pasala A.R., Hasan T., Hassan D., Shor R. et al. Impact of lower concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide on cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies. Cytotherapy 2024;26(5):482–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ефименко М.В., Казьмина И.Н., Илюшина М.А., Хисматуллина Р.Д., Музалевский Я.О., Казаченок А.С. и др. Влияние G-CSF на определение CMV-специфических клеток в периферической крови доноров для ТГСК. Клеточная терапия и трансплантация 2026;14(2):274. [Efimenko M.V., Kazmina I.N., Ilyushina M.A., Khismatullina R.D., Muzalevskiy Ya.O., Kazachenok A.S. et al. The effect of G-CSF on the detection of CMV-specific cells in the peripheral blood of HSCT donors. Cellular Therapy and Transplantation 2026;14(2):274. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Santos R., Buying A., Sabri N., Yu J., Gringeri A., Bender J. et al. Improvement of IFNg ELISPOT performance following overnight resting of frozen PBMC samples confirmed through rigorous statistical analysis. Cells 2014;4(1):1–18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kuerten S., Batoulis H., Recks M.S., Karacsony E., Zhang W., Subbramanian R.A. et al. Resting of cryopreserved PBMC does not generally benefit the performance of antigen-specific T cell ELISPOT assays. Cells 2012;1:409–27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Malyguine A., Strobl S.L., Shafer-Weaver K.A., Ulderich T., Troke A., Baseler M. et al. A modified human ELISPOT assay to detect specific responses to primary tumor cell targets. J Transl Med 2004;2(1):1–11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Janetzki S., Panageas K.S., Ben-Porat L., Boyer J., Britten C.M., Clay T.M. et al. Results and harmonization guidelines from two large-scale international Elispot proficiency panels conducted by the Cancer Vaccine Consortium (CVC/SVI). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57(3):303–15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Janetzki S., Cox J.H., Oden N., Ferrari G. Standardization and validation issues of the ELISPOT assay. Methods Mol Biol 2005;302:51–86.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Espada E., Cheng M.P., Kim H.T., Woolley A.E., Avigan J.I., Forcade E. et al. BK virus-specific T-cell immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2020;4(9):1881–93.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ono T., Fujita Y., Matano T., Takahashi S., Morio T., Kawana-Tachikawa A. Characterization of in vitro expanded virus-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy against virus infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018;71(2):122–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Withers B., Clancy L., Burgess J., Simms R.., Brown R, Micklethwaite K. et al. Establishment and operation of a third-party virus-specific T cell bank within an allogeneic stem cell transplant program. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018;24(12):2433–42.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
