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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HEGHQV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The feasibility and specific aspects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with pre-transplant invasive mucormycosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности и особенности проведения трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей с инвазивным мукормикозом, развившимся до трансплантации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-7269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>Galina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>Галина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Deputy Chief Physician for Infection Control, Head of Infection Control Unit </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заместитель главного врача по инфекционному контролю – заведующая отделением инфекционного контроля </p></bio><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelikhova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелихова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-4329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-811X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6291-8849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>galina.solopova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1123">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1123</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The rising incidence of mucormycosis among patients with hematologic and oncologic conditions has made it crucial to develop principles for the treatment of infectious complications as well as to assess the feasibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in this population.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> to analyze the specific aspects and safety of HSCT in children with mucormycosis.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This retrospective-prospective single-center study, conducted from 1 January 2013 to 31 March 2026 at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, included HSCT recipients with a pre-transplant diagnosis of mucormycosis. The diagnostic work-up included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and biopsy of various organs and tissues depending on the site of involvement. From these specimens, slides were prepared in clearing solution supplemented with calcofluor white, a fluorescent agent. The slides were then examined under a fluorescence microscope using short-wavelength excitation at 400× magnification.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> We analyzed treatment outcomes in 13 patients (median age: 11.7 years), 77% of whom had hematologic malignancies. At mucormycosis onset, pulmonary involvement was observed in 62% of the patients, paranasal sinus involvement in 54%; liver, spleen, and central nervous system involvement in 8%, and disseminated disease in 31%. Etiologic confirmation (77%) revealed <italic>Lichtheimia corymbifera</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 2), <italic>Rhizomucor pusillus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 2), <italic>Rhizopus oryzae</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 2), <italic>Rhizopus microsporus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1), <italic>Mucor indicus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1), and <italic>Mucor</italic> spp. (<italic>n</italic> = 2). All the patients received targeted antifungal therapy (amphotericin B, posaconazole, isavuconazole), with combination treatment used in 77% of cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 92% of the cases. Notably, radical resection significantly reduced the need for repeat surgeries (<italic>p</italic> = 0.02). Allogeneic HSCT was mostly performed using<italic> ex vivo</italic> αβ T-cell depletion (<italic>n </italic>= 11). At the time of transplantation, active infection was observed in 5 patients, partial response in 5 and complete response in 3. The median time to engraftment was 12 (10–35) days. Glucocorticoids for graft-versus-host disease were required in 3 patients. Mucormycosis was cured in 100% of cases. The median time to complete response was 82 days with early partial response (&lt;8 weeks) and 179 days with late response (<italic>p</italic> = 0.002). Infection status at HSCT did not affect the time to mucormycosis resolution. The overall survival was 59%, without any mucormycosis-associated deaths.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The use of modern HSCT technologies (such as αβ T-cell depletion) in combination with aggressive antifungal treatment enables successful transplantation even in children with active mucormycosis.</p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> В условиях роста заболеваемости мукормикозом среди онкогематологических пациентов критическое значение приобретают разработка принципов терапии инфекционных осложнений и определение возможностей проведения аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК).</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка безопасности и особенностей выполнения ТГСК у детей с мукормикозом.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективно-проспективное моноцентровое исследование, проведенное в период с 01.01.2013 по 31.03.2026, были включены пациенты ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России, получившие ТГСК, с установленным ранее диагнозом мукормикоза. Для диагностики заболевания пациентам проводили компьютерную и магнитно-резонансную томографию, ультразвуковые и эндоскопические исследования, бронхоальвеолярный лаваж, биопсию различных органов и тканей в зависимости от локализации поражения. Из полученных образцов биологических субстратов готовили препараты в просветляющей жидкости с добавлением флуоресцирующего агента калькофлуора белого. Полученные препараты просматривали в люминесцентном микроскопе при коротковолновом облучении и 400-кратном увеличении.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проанализированы результаты лечения 13 пациентов (медиана возраста – 11,7 года), у 77% из которых диагностированы гемобластозы. При развитии мукормикоза поражение легких выявлено в 62% случаев, придаточных пазух носа – в 54%, печени, селезенки и центральной нервной системы – в 8%, диссеминированная форма – у 31%. Этиологическая верификация (77%) выявила <italic>Lichtheimia</italic><italic> </italic><italic>corymbifera</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 2),<italic> </italic><italic>Rhizomucor</italic><italic> р</italic><italic>usillus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 2), <italic>Rhizopus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>oryzae</italic><italic> </italic>(<italic>n</italic> = 2), <italic>Rhizopus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>microsporus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1), <italic>Mucor</italic><italic> </italic><italic>indicus</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 1) и <italic>Mucor</italic> spp. (<italic>n</italic> = 2). Все пациенты получили целенаправленную терапию (амфотерицин В, позаконазол, изавуконазол), в 77% случаев – комбинированную. Хирургическое лечение проведено у 92% больных. Радикальная резекция достоверно снижала потребность в повторных операциях (<italic>p</italic> = 0,02). Аллогенная ТГСК выполнялась преимущественно с применением <italic>ex</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vivo</italic> αβ-T-клеточной деплеции (<italic>n</italic> = 11). На момент трансплантации активная инфекция наблюдалась у 5 пациентов, у 5 был частичный ответ, у 3 – полный. Медиана приживления трансплантата составила 12 (10–35) дней, необходимость назначения глюкокортикостероидов в связи с развитием реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» была у 3 пациентов. Излечение от мукормикоза достигнуто в 100% случаев. Медиана времени до полного ответа составила 82 дня при достижении раннего частичного ответа (&lt;8 нед) и 179 дней – при позднем ответе (<italic>p</italic> = 0,002). Статус инфекции на момент ТГСК не влиял на скорость излечения от мукормикоза. Общая выживаемость составила 59%, летальных исходов от мукормикоза зарегистрировано не было.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Использование современных технологий ТГСК (αβ-T-клеточная деплеция) в сочетании с агрессивной тактикой противогрибковой терапии позволяет успешно провести трансплантацию детям даже с активным мукормикозом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mucormycosis</kwd><kwd>hemato-oncology</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>αβ T-cell depletion</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мукормикоз</kwd><kwd>онкогематология</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>αβ-T-клеточная деплеция</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Фонд «Наука – детям»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Science for Children Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Science for Children Foundation.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке фонда «Наука – детям».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Petrikkos G., Skiada A., Lortholary O., Roilides E., Walsh T.J., Kontoyiannis D.P. 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