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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1124</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1124</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XJXAFQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus-associated malignancies in children and adolescents: a series of case reports</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические особенности злокачественных новообразований, ассоциированных с вирусом иммунодефицита человека, у детей и подростков: серия наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-7250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>Grigory M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>Григорий Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians; Cand. Med. Sci., an assistant lecturer at the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology of Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, a pediatric oncologist at the Yu.E. Malakhovsky Kuzbass Children’s Clinical Hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей; канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии Новокузнецкого государственного института усовершенствования врачей – филиала ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России, врач-детский онколог ГБУЗ КДКБ им. проф. Ю.Е. Малаховского</p></bio><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-7556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goroshkova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горошкова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5157-5696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabashkevich</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабашкевич</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1071-1334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1786-1162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovich</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котович</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>gm.sergienko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Yu.E. Malakhovsky Kuzbass Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Кузбасская детская клиническая больница им. проф. Ю.Е. Малаховского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-04"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1124">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1124</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is associated with an increased risk of malignant neoplasms, mainly lymphoproliferative, the development of which is linked to immunodeficiency, the duration of antiretroviral therapy, and coinfection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), the tumor may be the first manifestation of the disease.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective single-center study on children aged 0–18 years with HIV infection and morphologically confirmed malignancy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Between 2011 and 2026, 5 patients with HIV infection and malignant neoplasms were identified. Lymphoproliferative disorders were the most common (4 out of 5); in one case, EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. In most patients, tumors were detected at stages III and IV; in 2 cases, the diagnosis was made postmortem. During chemotherapy administered against the background of antiretroviral therapy, a complete response was achieved in one patient and a partial response in two; fatalities were due to disease progression and treatment complications against the background of severe immunodeficiency.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold><bold> </bold>The key factors influencing the prognosis of the disease are the CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte count, the timeliness of antiretroviral therapy initiation, and the presence of co-infections, primarily EBV.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) у детей сопряжен с повышенным риском злокачественных новообразований, в первую очередь лимфопролиферативных, развитие которых связано с иммунодефицитом, сроками начала антиретровирусной терапии и коинфицированием вирусом Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ), при этом образование может быть первым проявлением заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование детей в возрасте 0–18 лет с ВИЧ-инфекцией и морфологически подтвержденными злокачественными новообразованиями.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За период 2011–2026 гг. выявлены 5 пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией и ЗНО. Преобладали лимфопролиферативные заболевания (4/5), в 1 случае была диагностирована ВЭБ-ассоциированная аденокарцинома желудка. У большинства пациентов опухоль обнаружена на III и IV стадиях, в 2 случаях – посмертно. При проведении полихимиотерапии на фоне антиретровирусной терапии полный ответ достигнут у 1 пациента, частичный – у 2; летальные исходы были обусловлены прогрессированием заболевания и осложнениями терапии на фоне выраженного иммунодефицита.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Ключевыми факторами, влияющими на прогноз по заболеванию, являются количество CD4<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов, своевременность начала антиретровирусной терапии и наличие коинфекции, прежде всего ВЭБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus infection</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>lymphomas</kwd><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>case series</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>лимфомы</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>серия наблюдений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 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