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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KNXLSA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the experience of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническое применение мультипотентных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток у детей после аллогенной трансплантации костного мозга: опыт НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-8428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhullin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-167X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselevsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселевский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Machneva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачнева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2171-1951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-1521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-4153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shervashidze</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шервашидзе</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batmanova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батманова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-726X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-5129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanyan</surname><given-names>Nara G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанян</surname><given-names>Нара Гарегиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., a pediatrician, a transfusion medicine physician, a researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-педиатр, врач-трансфузиолог, научный сотрудник </p></bio><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nara19922@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1126">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1126</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is one of the most important curative and consolidating treatment options for hematologic malignancies, immunologic diseases, and solid tumors. Nevertheless, its use may be limited due to life-threatening post-transplant complications, such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), and poor graft function. The standard treatment for these complications includes the administration of immunosuppressive drugs. However, their side effects and limited effectiveness necessitate the continued search for additional treatments, among which the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may prove highly effective.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> In this retrospective/prospective study conducted from 2021 to 2025, we enrolled 25 patients aged from 10 months to 16 years (with a median age of 11 years) with refractory aGVHD, cGVHD, and/or poor graft function after allo-HSCT. MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of allogeneic donors and cultured to passages 2–3 were administered intraosseously/intravenously or through a nasojejunal tube every 1–2 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical response to therapy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The median cell product dose was 20 (4–69) × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg recipient body weight. A response to MSC therapy was achieved in 15 (60.0%) out of 25 patients: in 8/9 (88.9%) patients with isolated poor graft function, in 4/6 patients who had both poor graft function and GVHD, and in 3/10 patients with isolated aGVHD/cGVHD. No adverse events associated with MSC administration were observed in any patient.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The use of allogeneic MSCs in pediatric patients with refractory complications of allo-HSCT is a safe and potentially effective method. Our results are consistent with published data and warrant prospective randomized studies with a structured design and more precise response criteria.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) – один из значимых куративных и консолидирующих методов терапии онкогематологических, иммунологических заболеваний и солидных опухолей. Данная опция может быть ограничена в применении из-за жизнеугрожающих состояний, которые развиваются в посттрансплантационном периоде в виде острой (оРТПХ) и/или хронической (хрРТПХ) реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ), а также случаев развития гипофункции трансплантата. В стандарт режима терапии данных осложнений входит назначение иммуносупрессивных препаратов, побочные эффекты и ограниченная эффективность которых заставляют продолжать поиск дополнительных методов лечения, среди которых применение мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСК) может оказаться весьма эффективным.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретро-/проспективное исследование в период с 2021 по 2025 г. были включены 25 пациентов в возрасте от 10 месяцев до 16 лет (медиана возраста – 11 лет) с рефрактерной оРТПХ, хрРТПХ и/или гипофункцией трансплантата после алло-ТГСК. МСК, выделенные из костного мозга аллогенных доноров и культивированные до 2–3-го пассажей, вводились внутрикостным/внутривенным путем или через назоеюнальный зонд с кратностью 1 раз в 1–2 нед. Первичной конечной точкой являлся клинический ответ на терапию.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана дозы клеточного продукта составила 20 (4–69) × 10<sup>6</sup> клеток/кг массы тела реципиента. Ответ на терапию МСК достигнут у 15 (60,0%) из 25 пациентов. При изолированной гипофункции трансплантата ответ зафиксирован в 8/9 (88,9%) случаях, при сочетании гипофункции с РТПХ – в 4/6, при изолированной оРТПХ/хрРТПХ – в 3/10. Нежелательных явлений, связанных с введением МСК, не наблюдалось ни у одного пациента.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Применение аллогенных МСК у педиатрических пациентов с рефрактерными осложнениями алло-ТГСК является безопасным и потенциально эффективным методом. Полученные результаты согласуются с опубликованными данными и обосновывают проведение проспективных рандомизированных исследований со структурированным дизайном и более четкими критериями ответа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>poor graft function</kwd><kwd>pediatrics</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>реакция трансплантат против хозяина</kwd><kwd>гипофункция трансплантата</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sureda A., Corbacioglu S., Greco R., Kröger N., Carreras E. (eds.). 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