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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1136</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1136</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XTDPZW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Factors determining successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы, определяющие успех аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при врожденных синдромах костномозговой недостаточности у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-2369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Med. Sci., Deputy Director for Pediatrics at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заместитель директора по педиатрии, Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-3899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slesarchuk</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слесарчук</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-2759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой<italic> </italic></p></bio><email>dr.bykova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1136">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1136</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) constitute a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders associated with impaired hematopoiesis, congenital anomalies, and a high risk of transformation to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment for IBMFS.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> to identify factors determining the efficacy of allo-HSCT in pediatric patients with IBMFS.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>This study analyzed data from 61 patients with IBMFS who had undergone allo-HSCT between 2005 and 2025 at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The median follow-up was 24 months. The overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years post-transplantation was 88%, 85%, and 81%, respectively. The lowest 5-year OS was observed in the Fanconi anemia (47%) and Diamond–Blackfan anemia (86%) groups, whereas in the patients with other IBMFS the 5-year OS reached 100% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.003). Factors associated with improved survival included age younger than 5 years at transplantation (100% vs. 68%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.009), the use of myeloablative conditioning regimens (100% vs. 64.5%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002), the use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (100% vs. 67%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.02), and successful engraftment (88% vs. 33%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002). GVHD prophylaxis regimens without calcineurin inhibitors were associated with a lower incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD (11% vs. 44%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.03) and a reduced need for switching immunosuppression (5% vs. 35%;<italic> p</italic> = 0.02). Donor type and degree of HLA matching did not significantly affect survival.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Allo-HSCT is a highly effective treatment for children with IBMFS, providing a 5-year OS of 81%. The best outcomes are achieved with allo-HSCT performed at an early age (under 5 years), the use of myeloablative conditioning regimens (when not contraindicated), and with the addition of PTCy to GVHD prophylaxis. The lowest survival was observed in the patients with Fanconi anemia, highlighting the need for further refinement of treatment protocols for this patient group. PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis regimens without calcineurin inhibitors reduce the incidence of acute GVHD and improve the tolerability of immunosuppression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Врожденные синдромы костномозговой недостаточности (ВСКМН) представляют собой гетерогенную группу редких генетических заболеваний, ассоциированных с нарушением гемопоэза, врожденными аномалиями и высоким риском трансформации в миелодиспластический синдром и острый миелоидный лейкоз. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) является радикальным методом терапии ВСКМН.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – выявить факторы, определяющие эффективность алло-ТГСК при ВСКМН у детей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании проанализированы данные 61 пациента с ВСКМН, которым была выполнена алло-ТГСК в период с 2005 по 2025 г. в НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р.М. Горбачевой.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана наблюдения составила 24 мес. Общая выживаемость (ОВ) через 1, 3 и 5 лет после трансплантации составила 88%, 85% и 81% соответственно. Наименьшая 5-летняя ОВ зафиксирована в группе анемии Фанкони (47%) и анемии Даймонда–Блекфена (86%), тогда как при остальных нозологических вариантах она достигла 100% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,003). Факторами, ассоциированными с улучшением выживаемости, явились возраст младше 5 лет на момент трансплантации (100% против 68%; <italic>p</italic> = 0,009), использование миелоаблативных режимов кондиционирования (100% против 64,5%; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002), применение посттрансплантационного циклофосфамида (ПТЦФ) для профилактики реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ) (100% против 67%;<italic> </italic><italic>p</italic> = 0,02) и достижение приживления трансплантата (88% против 33%; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002). Схемы профилактики РТПХ без ингибиторов кальциневрина ассоциировались с более низкой частотой острой РТПХ II–IV степени (11% против 44%; <italic>p</italic> = 0,03) и меньшей потребностью в смене иммуносупрессии (5% против 35%; <italic>p</italic> = 0,02). Тип донора и степень HLA-совместимости значимого влияния на выживаемость не оказали.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Алло-ТГСК является высокоэффективным методом лечения детей с ВСКМН, обеспечивая 5-летнюю ОВ на уровне 81%. Наилучшие исходы достигаются при выполнении алло-ТГСК в раннем возрасте (до 5 лет), использовании миелоаблативных режимов кондиционирования при отсутствии противопоказаний и включении ПТЦФ в схему профилактики РТПХ. Наиболее низкая выживаемость отмечена у пациентов с анемией Фанкони, что диктует необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования протоколов лечения для этой категории больных. Применение схем на основе ПТЦФ без использования ингибиторов кальциневрина позволяет не только улучшить переносимость иммуносупрессии, но и демонстрирует меньшую частоту острой РТПХ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inherited bone marrow failure syndromes</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>myelodysplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>conditioning regimen</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные синдромы костномозговой недостаточности</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>миелодиспластический синдром</kwd><kwd>режим кондиционирования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Furutani E., Shimamura A. Genetic predisposition to MDS: diagnosis and management. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2019;2019:110–9. 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