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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1146</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.1146</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PUXXZZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with poor-prognosis germ cell tumors: a single-center experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение высокодозной полихимиотерапии с последующей аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей с герминогенно-клеточными опухолями группы неблагоприятного прогноза: опыт одного Центра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-8412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeenko</surname><given-names>Karina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеенко</surname><given-names>Карина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a pediatric oncologist at the Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation at the L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог отделения детской трансплантации костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-1521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Machneva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачнева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2171-1951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. 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Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-223X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlaka</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлака</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0074-7197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potemkina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потемкина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. 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Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3989-882X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-5973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. 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Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-1879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-539X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-1650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-726X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-0874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The L.A. Durnov Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии им. акад. РАМН Л. А. Дурнова</p></bio><email>karina_s19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1146">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/1146</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Germ cell tumors (GCT) in children represent a group of chemosensitive malignant neoplasms. However, for a small subset of patients with refractory, relapsed, or disseminated GCT, the prognosis remains extremely poor, with overall survival rates potentially not exceeding 45%. High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is considered a treatment strategy with the potential to improve outcomes in this patient population.</p> <p><bold>Objective</bold> – to analyze the experience of HDCT with auto-HSCT in children with poor-prognosis GCT, with assessment of the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This single-center retrospective study enrolled 20 children (9 boys and 11 girls) with relapsed (<italic>n</italic> = 9), refractory (<italic>n</italic> = 3), and disseminated (<italic>n</italic> = 8) forms of GCT who received HDCT followed by auto-HSCT. The median age is 2 (1–18) years. All patients had a graft of adequate cellularity collected prior to transplantation: the median CD34<sup>+</sup> cell dose was 3.6 (range 2.0–8.1) ×10<sup>6</sup>/kg body weight. A tandem HDCT regimen was administered to 14 patients (first course: carboplatin 1200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, etoposide 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, second course: etoposide 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and thiotepa 900 mg/m<sup>2</sup>). Six patients received a single-course HDCT regimen (etoposide 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and thiotepa 900 mg/m<sup>2</sup>). The median follow-up was 27 (range 1–61) months.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> All patients achieved hematopoietic recovery following auto-HSCT. Febrile neutropenia developed in 11 patients (55.0%) during the early post-transplant period, with a mean duration of fever of 4 (range 0–6) days. Oropharyngeal mucositis and gastrointestinal mucositis were observed in all 20 patients (100.0%), and dermatological toxicity was noted in 16 patients (80.0%). In the majority of cases, the severity of toxic and infectious complications did not exceed grade 2. At a median follow-up of 2.7 years, overall survival was 84.0%, event-free survival was 78.0%, and relapse-free survival was 81.0%. Disease progression after auto-HSCT was documented in 3 patients, 2 of whom remain alive. Two patients died: one due to disease progression, and one due to an infectious episode at the place of residence 6 months after the completion of therapy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> HDCT with auto-HSCT in children with poor-prognosis GCT may be considered an effective therapeutic approach with an acceptable toxicity profile.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Герминогенно-клеточные опухоли (ГКО) у детей представляют собой группу химиочувствительных злокачественных новообразований. Однако для немногочисленной группы пациентов с рефрактерными, рецидивирующими и диссеминированными формами ГКО прогноз остается крайне неблагоприятным – общая выживаемость может не превышать 45%. Одним из методов, способных повысить эффективность лечения таких пациентов, представляется высокодозная полихимиотерапия (ВДПХТ) с последующей аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК).</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – анализ опыта ВДПХТ с ауто-ТГСК у детей с ГКО группы неблагоприятного прогноза с оценкой эффективности и безопасности данного метода терапии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование были включены 20 детей (9 мальчиков и 11 девочек) с рецидивирующими (<italic>n</italic><italic> </italic>= 9), рефрактерными к терапии (<italic>n</italic> = 3), а также диссеминированными (<italic>n</italic> = 8) формами ГКО, получивших ВДПХТ с последующей ауто-ТГСК. Медиана возраста – 2 (1–18) года. Всем пациентам предварительно был заготовлен аутотрансплантат с достаточной клеточностью: медиана содержания CD34<sup>+</sup> в трансплантате составила 3,6 (2,0–8,1)×10<sup>6</sup>/кг массы тела пациента. Тандемный режим ВДПХТ (в составе первого курса – карбоплатин 1200 мг/м<sup>2</sup> и этопозид 1500 мг/м<sup>2</sup>, в составе второго – этопозид 1500 мг/м<sup>2</sup> и тиотепа 900 мг/м<sup>2</sup>) применялся у 14 пациентов. Шесть пациентов получили одноэтапный режим ВДПХТ (этопозид 1500 мг/м<sup>2</sup> и тиотепа 900 мг/м<sup>2</sup>). Медиана времени наблюдения составила 27 (1–61) мес.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Все пациенты, включенные в исследование, достигли восстановления гемопоэза после ауто-ТГСК. Фебрильная нейтропения развилась у 11 (55,0%) пациентов в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде, средняя продолжительность лихорадки составила 4 (0–6) дня. Орофарингеальный мукозит и мукозит желудочно-кишечного тракта наблюдались у всех 20 (100,0%) пациентов, дерматологическая токсичность – у 16 (80,0%). В большинстве случаев тяжесть токсических/инфекционных осложнений не превышала II степени. С медианой наблюдения 2,7 года общая выживаемость составила 84,0%, бессобытийная выживаемость – 78,0%, безрецидивная выживаемость – 81,0%. У 3 пациентов зафиксировано прогрессирование заболевания после ауто-ТГСК, из них 2 – живы. Два пациента умерли (1 – от прогрессии заболевания, 1 – от инфекционного эпизода по месту жительства через 6 мес от окончания терапии).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> ВДПХТ с ауто-ТГСК у детей с ГКО группы неблагоприятного прогноза может рассматриваться как эффективный метод терапии с приемлемым спектром токсичности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>high-dose chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>germ cell tumors</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>высокодозная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>герминогенно-клеточные опухоли</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shaikh F., Murray M.J., Amatruda J.F., Coleman N., Nicholson J.C., Hale J.P. et al. 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