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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">222</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-1-12-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROMISING STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">First results of pilot protocol ALl-REZ-2016 for children with high risk groups of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первые результаты исследования терапии рецидивов высокой группы риска у детей по пилотному протоколу ALL-REZ-2016</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-7532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyakonova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяконова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьяконова Юлия Юрьевна - врач-гематолог отделения онкогематологии.</p><p>117997, Москва, ГСП-7, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>Yulia.diakonova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelikhova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелихова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-6475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abugova</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абугова</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-0821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-7421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevstratov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстратов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Minsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-5382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnikova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курникова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunsky</surname><given-names>А. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии и гематологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-04-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/222">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/222</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite remarksble improvements in the treatment of pediatric acute limphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over last decades, relapse still caries a poor prognosis with considerable morbidity and mortality. New strategies and approaches are extremely needed. According to the results of previous protocol ALL-REZ-2014 despite the implementation of bortezomib, as well as idarubicin and navelbine, which have not been used in first-line therapy, the new protocol had demonstrated no significant improvement in reaching a steady remission, especially for B-ALL relapses. The therapy results for the high risk group patients still far from optimal due to refractoriness to chemotherapy, death from infectious complications, as well as acute chemotherapy toxicity. This article demonstrates first results of pilot protocol All-REZ-2016 for high risk ALL relapses, which was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. Between 01.08.2016 and 01.12.2018 42 patients from our center were enrolled in ALL-REZ-2016 study. Patients aged 1-18 years with a first relapse of ALL without t(9;22) translocation were eligible , we included only high risk groups (S3, S4, S5) patients in this study. CD3+ apheresis was made before treatment for all patients with B-cell phenotype. To determine the efficiency and toxicity of fludarabine- and clofarabine-including chemotherapy regimens after the preliminary phase with prednisone 60mg/m<sup>2</sup>, for patients with B-ALL randomization for blocks with fludarabine or clofarabine was performed. The next stage of the therapy was a course with blinatumomab (28 days) and weekly autologous lymphocyte infusions (x 4). ALL patients with T-ALL got 11 days of protocol N, and then studying the efficiency of clofarabine 52 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for TIII/TIV was planned, since nelarabine has been shown to be inefficient for this category. For the patients with TI/II ALL, nelarabine 650 mg/m2 therapy was given after protocol N. If remission was attained, a stem cell transplant was performed for all patients without delay. 42 patients were enrolled, the median age was 9.9 years (range 2.7-16.2), there was male predominance (63.8%), the majority had B-cell phenotype (61.7%). The estimated 2-year event-free survival (EFS) across all immunophenotypes was 47.7% (SE+/-8%) and a cumulative incidence of second relapse (CIR) was 27.1% (SE+/-7.6%). Patients with B-ALL had EFS 55% +/-10% and CIR 30.0% +/-9.9%, T-ALL had EFS 35% +/-13% and CIR 21.2+/-12%. We did not observe serious toxicity when using blinatumomab. The use of clofarabine and fludarabine was accompanied by deep immunosuppression and severe infectious episodes. Results for patients with B-cell relapses are much better then in previous protocol ALL-REZ-2014, using of autologous CD3+ lymphocytes infusion once a week during the continuous blinatumomab therapy is effective. For T-ALL relapses results remain unsatisfactory due to refractoriness, but number of patients is still small for final conclusions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последние десятилетия произошли значительные улучшения в лечении впервые выявленного острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ), но прогноз рецидивов при этом заболевании существенно хуже, смертность гораздо выше. Необходимы новые подходы и опции противорецидивной терапии. По результатам предыдущего исследования - противорецидивного протокола ALL-REZ-2014, включение в терапию препаратов бортезомиб, идарубицин, навельбин, не используемых в лечении первого острого периода, не привело к значимому улучшению показателя стойкой ремиссии, особенно при рецидивах В-ОЛЛ, за счет рефрактерности к химиотерапии, смертности от инфекционных и токсических осложнений. В статье представлены предварительные результаты пилотного протокола ALL-REZ-2016 для лечения рецидивов ОЛЛ высоких групп риска. Данное исследование поддержано Независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением Ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ. В период с 01.08.2016 по 01.12.2018 в исследование ALL-REZ-2016 были включены 42 пациента НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава России в возрасте 1-18 лет с первым рецидивом ОЛЛ без транслокации t(9;22), относящиеся только к высокой группе риска (S3, S4, S5). Пациентам с В-ОЛЛ перед началом исследования проводили аферез CD3+ лимфоцитов. С целью определения эффективности и токсичности клофарабина и флюдарабина пациентов с В-ОЛЛ после циторедуктивной фазы с преднизолоном 60 мг/м<sup>2</sup> рандомизировали на блоки с клофарабином или флюдарабином. Следующим этапом терапии для этих пациентов был курс блинатумомаба (28 дней) с еженедельными инфузиями аутолимфоцитов (всего 4 введения). Все пациенты с Т-ОЛЛ получали протокол N (11 дней), затем, учитывая данные о меньшей эффективности неларабина для T3/4 ОЛЛ, пациенты с Т3/4 вариантами получали блоки с клофарабином, а пациенты с Т1/2 вариантами - блоки с неларабином. При достижении ремиссии все пациенты получали аллогенную ТКМ. В исследование были включены 42 пациента (63,8% - мальчики); медиана возраста - 9,9 года (от 2,7 до 16,2 года); преобладали В-иммуноварианты ОЛЛ (61,7%). Для всех иммуновариантов рецидивов ОЛЛ 2-летняя бессобытийная выживаемость (БСВ) составила 47,7% (ДИ +/-8%); при куммулятивном риске повторного рецидива - 27,1% (ДИ +/-7,6%). У пациентов с В-иммунофенотипом БСВ составила 55% (+/-10%); риск рецидивов - 30% (+/-9,9%); при Т-иммуноварианте - 35% (+/-13%) и 21,2% (+/-12%) соответственно. Мы не отмечали выраженной токсичности при использовании блинатумомаба, но на терапии клофорабином/ флюдарабином столкнулись с тяжелыми инфекционными осложнениями на фоне длительной иммуносупрессии и аплазии. Данное исследование продемонстрировало улучшение результатов терапии у пациентов с В-ОЛЛ по сравнению с исследованием ALL-REZ-2104; использование инфузии CD3+ аутолимфоцитов на фоне непрерывной инфузии блинатумомаба показало свою эффективность. Результаты терапии пациентов с Т-иммунофенотипом ОЛЛ остаются неудовлетворительными вследствие рефрактерности к химиотерапии. На сегодняшний день недостаточное количество пациентов, включенных в исследование, не позволяет сделать окончательные выводы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia, relapse, children, treatment, blinatumomab</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>блинатумомаб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Амджен, компания; Подари жизнь, фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Man L.M., Morris A.L., Keng M. New Therapeutic Strategies in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 12 (3): 197-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Man L.M., Morris A.L., Keng M. New Therapeutic Strategies in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. 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