Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children23410.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-1-127-139LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫComplications of central venous catheters insertion and exploitationОсложнения при постановке и эксплуатации центральных венозных катетеровhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-4154SugakA. B.СугакА. Б.
Russian Federation

Anna B. Sugak - MD, PhD, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics.

117997, Moscow, Samory Mashela st., 1

Сугак Анна Борисовна  - доктор медицинских наук, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, отделение ультразвуковой диагностики.

117997, Москва, ГСП-7, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

sugak08@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-2565ShchukinV. V.ЩукинВ. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

KonstantinovaA. N.КонстантиноваА. Н.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-221XFeoktistovaE. V.ФеоктистоваЕ. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology Ministry of Healthcare of Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава РоссииRussian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России210420191811271392104201921042019Copyright ©; 2019, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2019, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2019«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/234

Central venous catheters (CVC) are commonly used in patients with a number of serious diseases for total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, long-term antibiotic therapy, hemodialysis, treatment in intensive care units, regular blood sampling. CVC greatly facilitate the management of such patients and improve their quality of life, however, they can be a source of various complications - venous thrombosis, catheter-associated infections, damage to the adjacent organs. Over the past three decades advances in the venous access devices and visualization technologies has significantly increased the success of the CVC insertions and decreased the frequency of complications. The review highlights the mechanisms of occurrence, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment, and ways of preventing both the most common and some rare complications that may occur during the insertion and exploitation of CVC.

Центральные венозные катетеры (ЦВК) широко используют у пациентов с рядом тяжелых заболеваний для проведения полного парентерального питания, химиотерапии, длительной антибиотикотерапии, гемодиализа, при лечении в отделениях интенсивной терапии, регулярных заборах крови для анализа. ЦВК значительно облегчают медикам ведение таких пациентов и улучшают качество их жизни, однако могут быть источником различных осложнений - венозных тромбозов, катетер-ассоциированных инфекций, повреждений прилежащих органов. В последние три десятилетия благодаря совершенствованию конструкции устройств венозного доступа и прогрессу в области визуализационных технологий значительно увеличилась частота успешных постановок ЦВК и снизилось количество связанных с ними осложнений. В обзоре освещены механизмы возникновения, клинические проявления, методы диагностики и лечения, а также способы предотвращения наиболее часто встречающихся и некоторых редких осложнений, которые могут возникать в процессе постановки и при эксплуатации ЦВК.

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