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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-2-43-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Practice of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infantile autosomal recessive osteopetrosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт проведения аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при аутосомно-рецессивном остеопетрозе у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-7152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burya</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буря</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra E. Burya, MD, hematologist at the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation.</p><p>117997, Moscow, Leninskiy рrosp., 117.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буря Александра Евгеньевна, врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга.</p><p>117997, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 117.</p></bio><email>burya.a.e@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-657X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pristanskova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пристанскова</surname><given-names>E. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-1976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-1070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palm</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальм</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-985X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research center for medical genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/243">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/243</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Generalized osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disease characterized by impairment of skeleton bones formation, bone marrow dysfunction, neurologic deficiency and blindness. The main treatment for osteopetrosis is an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). To review and analyze experience of Department of bone marrow transplantation of RDKB (BMT RDKB) of allo-HSCT for patients with autosomal recessive generalized osteopetrosis; to evaluate tolerability and efficacy of the conditioning regiment administered. Between 2010 to 2018 years, 7 patients (2-male, 5-female) with autosomal recessive generalized osteopetrosis underwent allo-HSCT in tDepartment of bone marrow transplantation of RDKB. Median age at the moment of HSCT was 5,5 years (1–11 years). Before the transplantation myeloablative conditioning regimen was used: treosulfan, fludarabine and melphalan for 5 patients, treosulfan, fludarabine and thiotepa for 1 patient and treosulfan with fludarabine for 1 patient. In case of unrelated allo-HSCT antithymocyte globulin was added to the conditioning regimen. Bone marrow from matched (HLA- 10/10) unrelated donor was used for 4 patients, peripheral blood stem cells from matched unrelated donor was used for 1 patient, two grafts of unrelated umbilical cord blood (HLA 8/10 and 9/10) for 1 patient and peripheral blood stem cells from matched (HLA 10/10) from related donor – for 1 patient. For “graft-versus-host” disease (GVHD) prophylaxis either cyclosporine A/tacrolimus and methotrexate/ mofetil mycophenolate was used. White blood cell recovery had been achieved for 6 from 7 patients on +13 to +22 day (median +17 day). Quick autoreconstitution of hemopoesis was observed for the recipient of umbilical cord blood who got one myeloablative drug. The following early post transplantation complications were registered: oropharyngeal mucositis up to II degree in 6 patients, neutropenic enterocolitis up to II degree in 4 patients, up to III degree in 3 patients, sepsis in 3 patients. The GVHD symptoms occurred in 2 cases: skin form of II degree in one patient and skin form of II degree and intestinal form of IV degree in another patient. One patient with neurodegenerative form of osteopetrosis died with increase of hypertensive-hydrocephalus syndrome, cerebral edema with downward cerebellar herniation. During 5-6 months after allo-HSCT the 5 successfully transplanted patients experienced poor graft function but then reduction of extramedullary hemopoesis occurred and full engraftment was achieved. Hypercalcemia was reported in 2–5 months after allo-HSCT and was treated by administration of bisphosphonates. Visual impairment persisted after allo-HSCT. After 4–6 months after transplantation axis skeleton growth occurred for all 5 successfully transplanted patients, skull deformation reduced and no new zones of nerve’s compression were observed. No patients had any developmental delays after the treatment. Allo-HSCT is an effective systemic treatment of autosomal recessive generalized osteopetrosis. However because serious neurodegenerative condition cannot be reversed by allo-HSCT, such treatment may not be recommended for patients with heavy CNS impairment. Myeloablative conditioning regimen with two alkylating agents provides allogeneic reconstitution of hemopoesis. In post transplantation period, measures for hypercalcemia control are necessary. Early diagnostic of autosomal recessive generalized osteopetrosis can help to evaluate feasibility of allo-HSCT and to start treatment on time thus provide chance for long-term rehabilitation and prevention of serious disability. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of Russian Children's Clinical Hospital.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Генерализованный остеопетроз (ГО) – редкое наследственное заболевание, характеризующееся нарушением формирования костей скелета, костномозгового кроветворения, неврологическим дефицитом и слепотой. Основной метод терапии – аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК). Цель работы: анализ опыта выполнения алло-ТГСК пациентам с аутосомно-рецессивной формой ГО в отделении трансплантации костного мозга РДКБ, оценка качества используемого протокола кондиционирования, его переносимости и эффективности. В период с 2010 по 2018 год в отделении ТКМ РДКБ проведена алло-ТГСК 7 пациентам с аутосомнорецессивной формой ГО. Медиана возраста пациентов на момент ТГСК – 5,5 года (1–11 лет). Перед трансплантацией у 5 пациентов использовали миелоаблативный режим кондиционирования – треосульфан, флударабин, мельфалан; у одного пациента – треосульфан, флударабин, тиофосфамид; у одного – треосульфан с флюдарабином. При неродственных алло-ТГСК в кондиционирование был добавлен антитимоцитарный иммуноглобулин (АТГ). Источники гемопоэтических стволовых клеток: неродственный донор HLA-10/10 совместимый костный мозг (n = 4), периферические стволовые клетки крови (ПСКК) (n = 1), HLA 8/10 и 9/10 пуповинная кровь 2 образца (n = 1), родственный донор HLA-10/10 совместимый ПСКК (n = 1). Профилактика реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ): циклоспорин А/такролимус + метотрексат/микофенолата мофетил. Лейкоцитарное восстановление зафиксировано у 6 из 7 пациентов в период с +13 по +22-й день (медиана +17-й день). У реципиента пуповинной крови, получившего один миелоаблативный препарат, зафиксирована быстрая аутореконституция гемопоэза. Ранние пост- трансплантационные осложнения: орофарингеальный мукозит до 2-й степени – у 6 пациентов; нейтропенический энтероколит до 2-й степени – у 4; до 3-й степени – у 3; сепсис – у 3 пациентов. Проявления РТПХ отмечены у 2 пациентов: кожная форма 1-й и 2-й степеней, интестинальная форма 4-й степени. Был один летальный исход у пациента с нейродегенеративной формой остео- петроза на фоне нарастания гидроцефально-гипертензионного синдрома, сопровождающегося отеком головного мозга с вклинением его в большое затылочное отверстие. Этому пациенту про- вели вентрикулярное шунтирование на +25-й день после алло-ТГСК. У 5 успешно трансплантированных пациентов наблюдали гипофункцию трансплантата в течение 5–6 мес. после алло-ТГСК, далее происходила редукция экстрамедуллярного гемопоэза и стабилизация функции трансплантата. Через 2–5 мес. после трансплантации был отмечен период гиперкальциемии, купированный введением бифосфонатов. После алло-ТГСК состояние зрения пациентов не менялось. Начиная с 4–6-го мес. после трансплантации у 5 успешно трансплантированных пациентов про- исходил рост осевого скелета, уменьшалась выраженность деформации черепа на фоне отсутствия новых очагов компрессии черепных нервов. Дальнейшее психоречевое развитие пациентов соответствовало возрасту. Алло-ТГСК – эффективный метод системного лечения ГО. Поскольку поражение ЦНС после алло-ТГСК не корригируется, пациентам с тяжелой дисфукцией ЦНС проведение трансплантации не показано. Использование миелоаблативного режима кондиционирования с двумя алкилирующими препаратами обеспечивает аллогенную реконституцию гемопоэза. В посттрансплантационном периоде необходимо предупреждать развитие гиперкальциемии. Ранняя диагностика позволит управлять лечением пациентов с ГО: своевременно определять показания и выполнять алло-ТГСК, обеспечивать реабилитацию и предупреждать наступление тяжелой инвалидизации. Данное исследование поддержано Независимым этическим комитетом Российской детской клинической больницы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteopetrosis</kwd><kwd>autosomal recessive</kwd><kwd>allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопетроз</kwd><kwd>аутосомно-рецессивный</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Askmyr M.K., Fasth A., Richter J. Towards a better understanding and new therapeutics of osteopetrosis. Br J Haematol 2008 Mar; 140: 597–609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Askmyr M.K., Fasth A., Richter J. Towards a better understanding and new therapeutics of osteopetrosis. 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