Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children29310.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-4-109-117LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫMolecular genetic features of pediatric gliomasМолекулярно-генетические характеристики глиом у детейZaytsevaM. A.ЗайцеваМ. А.
Russian Federation

Correspondence: Margarita A. Zaytseva, MD, clinical laboratory diagnostics, laboratory of molecular oncology of Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation.

Address: Russia 117997, Moscow, Samory Mashela st., 1

Контактная информация: Зайцева Маргарита Алексеевна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории молекулярной онкологии НМИЦ детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава России.

Адрес: 117997, Москва, ГСП-7, ул. Саморы Машела, 1astice@list.ruYaskoL. A.ЯськоЛ. А.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

PapushaL. I.ПапушаЛ. И.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

DruyA. E.ДруйА. Е.
Russian Federation

Moscow, Yekaterinburg

Москва

Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology Ministry of Healthcare of Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава РоссииResearch Institute of Medical Cell TechnologiesГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий»311220191841091173112201931122019Copyright ©; 2019, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2019, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2019«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/293

Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumors demonstrating an extremely broad range of clinical behavior. Over last few decades the understanding of molecular genetic mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression increased significantly. Furthermore, the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers aids the development of personalized and risk-adapted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the molecular findings in pediatric gliomas, both low and high grade (LGG and HGG), focusing on recurrent somatic mutations. There are nucleotide substitutions in BRAF, H3F3A, Hist1H3B/С, IDH1/2 genes, BRAF and NTRK1/2/3 fusions, and CDKN2A/B copy-number aberrations, known to be clinically relevant in the prognosis defining or predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy. We also describe how these findings could pave the way towards the novel genetic classification and risk-group stratification for pediatric patients with glial tumors.

Глиомы – самые распространенные опухоли центральной нервной системы с чрезвычайно вариабельным клиническим течением. Широкое распространение высокопроизводительных технологий в исследовательской практике позволило расширить знания о молекулярной биологии глиальных опухолей, а также определить новые патогенетические и прогностические маркеры для подбора персонализированной противоопухолевой терапии. В обзоре обсуждается роль соматических мутаций в генах BRAF, H3F3A, Hist1H3B/С, IDH1/2, транслокаций с участием генов BRAF, NTRK1/2/3 и нарушений числа копий генов CDKN2A/B в патогенезе глиом у детей, а также возможность стратификации пациентов на группы риска в соответствии с прогностической значимостью патогенных вариантов.

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