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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-2-62-70</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoetic stem cells in acute leukemia in children, adolescents and young adults in the Republic of Belarus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при острых лейкозах у детей, подростков и молодых взрослых в Республике Беларусь</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-1921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleinikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Senior Researcher,</p><p>Republic of Belarus, 223053, Minsk region, Borovlyany village, Frunzenskaya str., 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. НАН РБ, д-р мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>Республика Беларусь, 223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><email>aleinikova2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanushkevich</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янушкевич</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-3773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prudnikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прудников</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-9466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mareiko</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марейко</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-4864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeichik</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексейчик</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishkova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-804X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minakovskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаковская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/340">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a recognized method for treating children with a very high risk group for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a high risk group for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The use of allogeneic HSCT for certain risk groups of acute leukemia significantly improves the survival of these patients compared to chemotherapeutic regimens. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of failure of HSC transplantation in children with acute leukemia in a homogeneous group of patients and the possibility of further improvement in survival rates. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (Republic of Belarus). The study included 101 patients with ALL and 65 patients with AML who underwent the first HSCT, in accordance with the first-line treatment protocol or relapse for 2 consecutive time periods (1998–2008 and 2009–2018). For the entire group of patients, an increase in overall (by 13%) and event-free survival (by 7%) was revealed due to a decrease in post-transplant mortality not related to relapse by 16% (p = 0.077). Significant improvement in survival over time occurred in the group of patients with acute or chronic “graft versus host” disease. The data obtained indicate that all patients with acute leukemia who have indications for HSCT in the first line of treatment or relapse should be transplanted from any available donor, as this will significantly increase their chances of recovery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) является общепризнанным методом лечения детей очень высокой группы риска острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ) и высокой группы риска острого миелобластного лейкоза (ОМЛ). Применение аллогенной ТГСК для определенных групп риска острых лейкозов значительно улучшает выживаемость этих пациентов по сравнению с химиотерапевтическими режимами. Цель данного исследования: сравнить результаты ТГСК у детей, подростков и молодых взрослых за 2 последовательных равных временных периода для выявления проблемных вопросов процедуры трансплантации и последующей их коррекции. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» (Республика Беларусь). В исследование были включены 166 пациентов: 101 с ОЛЛ и 65 с ОМЛ, которым была проведена первая ТГСК в соответствии с протоколом лечения в 1-й линии или рецидиве за 2 последовательных временных периода: с 1998 по 2008 г. и с 2009 по 2018 г. Для всей группы пациентов выявлено увеличение общей (на 13%) и бессобытийной (на 7%) выживаемости за счет снижения посттрансплантационной летальности, не связанной с рецидивом, на 16% (р = 0,077). Значимое улучшение выживаемости с течением времени произошло в группе пациентов, имеющих острую или хроническую реакцию «трансплантат против хозяина». Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что все пациенты с острыми лейкозами, имеющие показания к ТГСК в 1-й линии лечения или рецидиве, должны быть трансплантированы от любого доступного донора, поскольку это существенно повысит их шансы на выздоровление.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>high risk group</kwd><kwd>“graft versus host” disease</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>post-transplant mortality</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>острый миелобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>группа высокого риска</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>посттрансплантационная летальность</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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