Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children39910.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-164-172LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫBiotechnological products for the treatment of complement system disorders including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: currently available and in developmentСовременные и разрабатываемые биотехнологические препараты для лечения патологии системы комплемента при пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467KudlayD. A.КудлайД. А.
Russian Federation
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-1608BakirovB. A.БакировБ. А.
Russian Federation

Dr. med. sci., Associate Professor, Head of Department of Hospital Therapy №2,

450075, Ufa, Blukhera st., 3

д-р. мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии №2;

450075, Уфа, ул. Блюхера, 3 

bakirovb@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897PavlovV. N.ПавловВ. Н.
Russian Federation

450075, Ufa, Blukhera st., 3

450075, Уфа, ул. Блюхера, 3

M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (the Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)JSC GENERIUMАО «ГЕНЕРИУМ»Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России080920201931641720910202009102020Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2025«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/399

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal blood disorder caused by somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A gene (PIG-A) in hematopoietic stem cells which manifests as haemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, thromboses, impaired renal function, and other severe clinical symptoms. The management of PNH is a clinical challenge requiring a comprehensive approach. Over the past decade, target therapy with eculizumab, an antibody inhibitor of terminal complement activation, has played a key role in the treatment of PNH. Eculizumab is the first humanized anti-C5 monoclonal antibody that was proven effective in inhibiting the complement system and was approved as a standard treatment for PNH in many countries. Elizaria, the first biosimilar version of eculizumab, whose similarity to the original drug in terms of efficacy and safety was demonstrated in clinical trials, has been widely used in Russia since 2019. New complement inhibitors classified by their mechanism of action into inhibitors targeting complement component C5 (the terminal pathway) and those targeting early phases of complement activation cascade (the proximal pathway) are currently in development. These new drugs include monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, small peptide inhibitors, small interfering RNA, and recombinant proteins based on endogenous regulators of complement activation.

Пароксизмальная ночная гемоглобинурия (ПНГ) – это редкое приобретенное клональное заболевание крови, развивающееся в результате соматической мутации гена фосфатидилинозитол гликана класса А (PIG-A) в стволовых кроветворных клетках и проявляющееся гемолитической анемией, костномозговой недостаточностью, тромбозами, нарушением функции почек и другими тяжелыми клиническими синдромами. Лечение ПНГ является сложной клинической задачей, требующей комплексного подхода. В последнее десятилетие таргетная терапия с применением ингибитора терминального этапа активации комплемента антитела экулизумаб играет ключевую роль в лечении ПНГ. Экулизумаб является первым гуманизированным моноклональным анти-С5-антителом, подтвердившим эффективное ингибирование системы комплемента и одобренным во многих странах в качестве стандарта лечения ПНГ. С 2019 г. в Российской Федерации широко используется для лечения ПНГ первый биоаналог экулизумаба (Элизария), подтвердивший в ходе клинических исследований аналогичные оригинальному препарату эффективность и безопасность. В настоящее время продолжаются разработки новых препаратов ингибиторов комплемента, которые подразделяются по механизму действия на ингибиторы C5-компонента комплемента (терминальная часть) и ингибиторы ранних фаз каскада комплемента (проксимальная часть). К новым препаратам относятся моноклональные антитела, малые молекулы, небольшие пептидные ингибиторы и малые интерферирующие РНК, а также рекомбинантные белки, полученные на основе эндогенных регуляторов активации комплемента.

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