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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-4-88-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression of WT1 in renal rhabdoid tumors: immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия WT1 в рабдоидных опухолях почки: результаты иммуногистохимического и молекулярно-генетического исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-2708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-7067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharlai</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарлай</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Dmitry M. Konovalov</bold>, MD, PhD, head of the Pathology Anatomy Department</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Коновалов Дмитрий Михайлович</bold>, канд. мед. наук, заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>dmk_nadf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/423">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/423</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Renal rhabdoid tumor (RRT) is the most malignant and aggressive renal tumors in children. The results of immunohistochemistry show co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers with total loss of INI1 expression in tumor cells. Aim. To determine the frequency of WT1 expression in RRT using three different clones and to investigate WT1 gene status. This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. 28 patients with RRT were included in our study from a period 2006–2019. Immunohistochemical staining included Vimentin, panCK, CK19, EMA, INI1, CD34, WT1 (clones: polyclonal, WT49, 6FH2). Additionally, in order to evaluate genetic events known to be significant in the RRT pathogenesis, molecular genetic testing by multiplex ligase-dependent probe amplification (NGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of customized gene panel were conducted in 15 cases with available material. All tumors had classical rhabdoid morphology with co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers and total loss of INI1 expression. Two tumors were WT1-positive (WT49 and Polyclonal). 5 out of 15 tumors harbored different in length SMARCB1 gene deletions. 7 cases studied by NGS for nucleotide substitutions and small indels included 5 patients lacking SMARCB1 deletions based on the MLPA data and 2 cases of RRT with WT1 protein nuclear expression. All evaluated patients had pathogenic or likely-pathogenic genetic variants in genes encoding core subunits of SWI/ SNF chromatin remodeling complex (predominantly, SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 genes). No pathogenic variants were revealed in WT1 gene. The literature describes isolated cases of WT1 expression in RRT elements. Often, the cellular elements of a rhabdoid tumor after preoperative chemotherapy are regarded as elements of the stromal component of nephroblastoma, maturing into rhabdomyoblasts. In the presence of WT1 expression, these tumors are considered as nephroblastomas. In this study we showed that RRTs are molecularly heterogeneous tumors with aberrant immunophenotype. Thus, our experience proves the importance of an integrated approach to differential diagnosis and the need for routine use of the INI1 antibody in panels for the study of kidney tumors in children to avoid misinterpretation of morphological data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рабдоидная опухоль почки (РОП) на данный момент является одним из самых злокачественных и агрессивных новообразований данной локализации у детей. Иммуногистохимические исследования говорят о коэкспрессии мезенхимальных и эпителиальных маркеров при тотальном отсутствии экспрессии белка INI1. Цель работы: определить частоту экспрессии WT1 в РОП с использованием антител 3 разных клонов и исследовать состояние гена WT1. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. Исследуемую группу составили 28 пациентов с РОП в период с 2006 по 2019 г. Иммуногистохимическое исследование проводилось с антителами к Vimentin, panCK, CK19, EMA, INI1, CD34 и WT1 (клоны: Polyclonal, WT49, 6F-H2). Дополнительно для выявления генетических аберраций, имеющих значение в патогенезе РОП, на доступном материале (n = 15) были проведены исследования методами множественной лигазно-зависимой амплификации зондов (MLPA) и высокопроизводительного секвенирования кастомизированной панели генов (NGS). Все опухоли имели типичную рабдоидную морфологию, коэкспрессировали эпителиальные и мезенхимальные маркеры, тотальная утрата ядерной экспрессии INI1 выявлена во всем исследованном опухолевом материале. Экспрессия WT1 (WT49 и Polyclonal) выявлена в 2 образцах из 28. Различные по протяженности делеции гена SMARCB1, кодирующего белок INI1, были выявлены в 5 из 15 случаев. Также для исследования нуклеотидных замен и небольших делеций и инсерций NGS было выполнено 7 пациентам: 5 с отсутствием делеций гена SMARCB1 по данным MLPA, 2 с выявленной ядерной экспрессией WT1. У всех проанализированных пациентов были выявлены патогенные или потенциально патогенные генетические варианты в генах, кодирующих компоненты функционального ядра комплекса ремоделирования хроматина SWI/SNF (в первую очередь в генах SMARCB1 и SMARCA4). Патогенных генетических вариантов в гене WT1 выявлено не было. В литературе описаны единичные случаи экспрессии WT1 в элементах РОП. Зачастую клеточные элементы рабдоидной опухоли после предоперационной химиотерапии расцениваются как элементы стромального компонента нефробластомы, вызревающие в рабдомиобласты. При наличии экспрессии WT1 данные опухоли расцениваются как нефробластомы. Данное исследование показало, что с молекулярно-генетической точки зрения РОП являются гетерогенными опухолями с аберрантным иммунофенотипом. Таким образом, наш опыт доказывает важность комплексного подхода к дифференциальной диагностике и необходимость рутинного использования антитела INI1 в панелях исследования опухолей почек у детей во избежание неверной трактовки морфологических данных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal rhabdoid tumor</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>INI1</kwd><kwd>WT1</kwd><kwd>SMARCB1</kwd><kwd>nephroblastoma</kwd><kwd>Wilms' tumor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рабдоидная опухоль почки</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическое исследование</kwd><kwd>INI1</kwd><kwd>WT1</kwd><kwd>SMARCB1</kwd><kwd>нефробластома</kwd><kwd>опухоль Вильмса</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Beckwith J.B., Palmer N.F. Histopathology and prognosis of Wilms tumors: results from the First National Wilms’ Tumor Study. 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