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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">431</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-4-150-157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The transformation of aneurysmal bone cyst into telangiectatic osteosarcoma: the development of a second tumour or a wrong initial diagnosis?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трансформация аневризмальной костной кисты в телеангиэктатическую остеосаркому: развитие второй опухоли или ошибочный первоначальный диагноз?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Nikolay V. Zhukov</bold>, Dr. med. sci, Professor, Head of the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology; Assistant Professor at the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiotherapy</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Жуков Николай Владимирович</bold>, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделом междисциплинарной онкологии; доцент кафедры онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>zhukov.nikolay@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-125X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/431">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/431</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) and telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) share a lot of similarities in terms of the initial clinical presentation, the radiological semiotics and even the morphological pattern, however, they are completely different nosological entities requiring absolutely different treatment approaches. This article reports a clinical case of TOS of the femur which developed 1.5 years after the treatment of ABC of the same location and presents an analysis of literature on the differential diagnosis of these diseases, the modern concept of the pathogenesis of ABC and the possibility of the transformation of ABC into TOS. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аневризмальная костная киста (АКК) и телеангиэктатическая остеосаркома (ТОС) обладают крайне высоким сходством по инициальной клинической картине, рентгеносемиотике и даже морфологической картине, но при этом являются совершенно разными нозологическими единицами, требующими абсолютно разного лечения. В статье приводится клинический случай развития ТОС бедренной кости через 1,5 года после лечения АКК той же локализации, а также анализ литературных данных о дифференциальной диагностике этих заболеваний, современной концепции патогенеза АКК и возможности трансформации АКК в ТОС. Родители дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aneurysmal bone cyst</kwd><kwd>telangiectatic osteosarcoma</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>USP6 oncogene</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аневризмальная костная киста</kwd><kwd>телеангиэктатическая остеосаркома</kwd><kwd>трансформация</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>дифференциальный диагноз</kwd><kwd>онкоген USP6</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Fletcher C.D.M., Bridge J.A., Hogendoorn P.C.W., Mertens F. WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. 4th Ed. 2013. Рр. 302–304, 281–296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fletcher C.D.M., Bridge J.A., Hogendoorn P.C.W., Mertens F. 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