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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-1-128-135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Thiopurine-induced myelotoxicity in patients with acute leukemia and benefits of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing prior to 6-mercaptopurine prescription</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические наблюдения тиопурининдуцированной миелотоксичности у пациентов с острыми лейкозами и обоснование преимуществ фармакогенетического подхода при назначении 6-меркаптопурина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident,</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ординатор,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>anna.ignatova@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-0624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6603-5749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/488">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mercaptopurine (МР) is a key element of the maintenance therapy of acute leukemias. Different amounts of active and toxic metabolites can be synthesized in patients who are receiving the same doses of the drug due to pharmacokinetic differences. This contributes to the unequal drug tolerability and the need of dose adjustment. For a long time, the only tool for adjusting 6-MP dose was the level of leukocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood. With the understanding of genetic factors affecting the metabolism of 6-MP and development of next-generation sequencing technology, clinical guidelines for thiopurine dosing based on a pharmacogenetic approach have been emerged. In this article, we report two patients belonging to a small ethnic group in Russia with abnormal 6-MP toleration and substantiate the advantages of a personalized, pharmacogeneticallybased approach to 6-MP administration. The patient's parents agreed to use the information, including the child's photo, in scientific research and publications. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркаптопурин (МР) – это химиопрепарат, являющийся ключевым элементом поддерживающей терапии при острых лейкозах. В связи с фармакокинетическими различиями у пациентов, получающих одинаковые расчетные дозы препарата, может синтезироваться разное количество активных и токсических метаболитов. Этим обусловлены неодинаковая переносимость препарата и необходимость подбора индивидуальной дозы. Долгое время единственным инструментом для титрования дозы 6-MP являлся уровень лейкоцитов и гранулоцитов периферической крови. По мере изучения генетических факторов, влияющих на метаболизм 6-МР, и развития технологии высокопроизводительного секвенирования появились клинические рекомендации по подбору доз тиопуринов, основанные на фармакогенетическом подходе. В настоящей статье мы описали двух пациентов, принадлежащих к малому этносу России, с аномальным толерированием 6-МП и проанализировали состояние проблемы фармакогенетики тиопуринов с обоснованием преимущества персонализированного, основанного на фармакогенетике подхода к назначению 6-МР. Родители пациентов дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий детей, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute leukemia</kwd><kwd>maintenance therapy</kwd><kwd>6-mercaptopurine</kwd><kwd>myelotoxicity</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острый лейкоз</kwd><kwd>поддерживающая терапия</kwd><kwd>6-меркаптопурин</kwd><kwd>миелотоксичность</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Burchenal J.H. Therapy of acute leukemia. 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