Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children49810.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-1-192-206LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫInfantile hemangioma explained in simple termsПросто о сложном: инфантильная гемангиомаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-0414KhachatryanL. A.ХачатрянЛ. А.
Russian Federation

cand. med. sci., Head of Box Department of Hematology/Oncology,

1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997

канд. мед. наук, заведующая боксированным отделением гематологии/ онкологии,

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

lili.2510@yandex.ruKletskayaI. S.КлецкаяИ. С.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России210420212011922062104202121042021Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2021«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/498

Infantile hemangioma (IH) it is the most common benign vascular tumor in children of the first year, which is based on abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of the main pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF. It develops in the first weeks after birth, forming over 3–9 months with regression in the next 3–7 years. Three-quarters of infantile hemangiomas are nodular and are not accompanied by malformations. At the same time, segmental IH is most often associated with syndromic forms. Despite spontaneous regression (in 90% of cases), some forms and localization of IH can lead to the development of complications, local and endangering vital functions. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on anamnesis, characteristic features of the tumor, and clinical course. Additional studies (ultrasound DG, MRI/CT) are necessary in complicated forms and in doubtful clinical cases. The patient's parents agreed to use the information, including the child's photo, in scientific research and publications. 

Инфантильная гемангиома (ИГ) – это самая частая доброкачественная сосудистая опухоль детей первого года жизни, в основе которой лежит аномальная пролиферация эндотелиальных клеток под действием основных проангиогенных факторов VEGF и FGF. Она развивается в первые недели после рождения, формируясь на протяжении 3–9 мес с регрессом в последующие 3–7 лет. Три четверти ИГ имеют нодулярную форму и не сопровождаются мальформациями. В то время как сегментарные ИГ чаще всего ассоциированы с синдромальными формами. Несмотря на спонтанный регресс (в 90% случаев), некоторые формы и локализации ИГ могут приводить к развитию осложнений как локальных, так и ставящих под угрозу витальные функции. В подавляющем большинстве случаев диагноз основывается на данных анамнеза, характерных признаков опухоли и клинического течения. Дополнительные исследования (ультразвуковая доплерография, магнитно-резонансная томография/компьютерная томография) необходимы при осложненных формах и в сомнительных клинических случаях. Родители пациентов дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий детей, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. 

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