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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">505</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-2-30-38</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The fist experience of using locally manufactured CAR-T cells in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Belarus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первый опыт применения локально изготовленных CAR-T-клеток у пациентов с рецидивным/ рефрактерным острым лимфобластным лейкозом в Беларуси</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-1921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleinikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Olga V. Aleinikova, Corresponding Member of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of Belarus, dr. med. sci., Professor, Senior Researcher43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Ольга Витальевна Алейникова, член-корр. НАН РБ, д-р мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p><p> </p></bio><email>aleinikova2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Migas</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигас</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Punko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пунько</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Movchan</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовчан</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klych</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клыч</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishkova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hill</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиль</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meleshko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелешко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konoplya</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конопля</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Lesnoy, Minsk region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минский район, аг. Лесной</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр онкологии и медицинской радиологии им. Н.Н. Александрова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/505">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/505</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of treatment of recurrent/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with both standard and high-dose chemotherapy are unsatisfactory and require the development of new therapeutic options. The use of immunotherapy approaches opens up new perspectives for patients whose cytotoxic chemotherapy was ineffctive or intolerable. This article describes the experience of using CD19 CAR-T cells manufactured at the Republican Scientifi and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology after lymphodepletion with fldarabine and cyclophosphamide in two patients over 18 years of age with refractory relapse of ALL. Other possibilities of conservative treatment for these patients have been exhausted. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientifi Council of the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (Republic of Belarus). The chimeric 2nd generation receptor was constructed from the anti-CD19 scFv antibody fragment, the CD28 transmembrane domain, signaling domains of the 4-1BB and CD3z proteins, and transduced into T-lymphocytes as part of the pWPXL lentiviral vector. The cell product was obtained by separation and separate processing of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15. The subpopulation composition of the resulting CAR-T cell product and the expression of immune checkpoints were assessed. The results obtained indicate a high antileukemic activity of the obtained CAR-T cells. Monitoring of CAR-T cells' persistence, the level of minimal residual disease, and the spectrum of inflmmatory cytokines in the blood was performed. Both patients responded to CAR-T therapy by lowering their blast cell levels. Treatment was accompanied by a cytokine release syndrome controlled by a recombinant monoclonal antibody to the human IL-6 receptor, tocilizumab. The developed and replicated laboratory-derived CAR-T cell technology can be used to treat patients with severe relapsed/refractory B-line ALL as rescue therapy and provide additional chances for their cure.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Результаты лечения рецидивного/рефрактерного острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ) с помощью как стандартной, так и высокодозной химиотерапии являются неудовлетворительными и требуют разработки новых терапевтических опций. Применение подходов иммунотерапии открывает новые перспективы перед пациентами, у которых цитотоксическая химиотерапия оказалась неэффективной или непереносимой. Данная статья представляет собой описание опыта использования изготовленных на базе Республиканского научно-практического центра детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии CD19 CAR-Т-клеток после режима лимфодеплеции флударабином и циклофосфамидом у 2 пациентов старше 18 лет с рефрактерным рецидивом ОЛЛ. Иные возможности консервативного лечения для этих пациентов были исчерпаны. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» (Республика Беларусь). Химерный рецептор 2-го поколения был сконструирован из анти-CD19 scFv-фрагмента антитела, трансмембранного домена CD28, сигнальных доменов белков 4-1BB и CD3z и трансдуцирован в Т-лимфоциты в составе лентивирусного вектора pWPXL. Клеточный продукт был получен путем сепарации и раздельного процессинга CD4- и CD8-лимфоцитов в присутствии интерлейкина-7 и интерлейкина-15. Оценивались субпопуляционный состав полученного CAR-T-клеточного продукта и экспрессия иммунных контрольных точек. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высокой антилейкемической активности полученных CAR-T-клеток. Выполнялся мониторинг персистенции CAR-T-клеток, определялся уровень минимальной остаточной болезни, а также спектр воспалительных цитокинов в крови. Оба пациента ответили на CAR-T-терапию снижением уровня бластных клеток. Лечение сопровождалось синдромом высвобождения цитокинов, контролируемым рекомбинантным моноклональным антителом к человеческому рецептору интерлейкина-6 – тоцилизумабом. Разработанная и воспроизведенная технология лабораторно полученных CAR-T-клеток может применяться для лечения пациентов с тяжелым рецидивным/рефрактерным В-линейным ОЛЛ в качестве терапии спасения и дать дополнительные шансы на их излечение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>refractoriness</kwd><kwd>chimeric antigen receptors</kwd><kwd>CAR-T cells</kwd><kwd>cytokine release syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>рефрактерность</kwd><kwd>химерные антигенные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>CAR-T-клетки</kwd><kwd>синдром высвобождения цитокинов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>. Teachey D.T., Lacey S.F., Shaw P.A., Melenhorst J.J., Maude S.L., Frey N., et al. 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