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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">516</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-2-133-142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">BCG vaccine–related complications in patients with primary immunodeficiencies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>БЦЖ-ассоциированные осложнения у пациентов с первичными иммунодефицитами после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Machneva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачнева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Machneva, cand. med. sci., a hematologist at the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation </p><p> 117 Leninskiy Prosp, Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мачнева Елена Борисовна, канд. мед. наук, врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга </p><p>117997, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><email>lena.machneva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-6158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mezentseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мезенцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-6443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olkhova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольхова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-657X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pristanskova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пристанскова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-7152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burya</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буря</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-8642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-1730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolayeva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-2881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetacheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светачева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-3256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagonravova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благонравова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский &#13;
медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/516">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/516</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine is widely used for the vaccination of newborns within the first few days of life to prevent mycobacterial infections. However, complications occurring after BCG vaccination in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can lead to serious consequences for their health and life. BCG vaccine-related complications occurring in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) constitute an important problem. The article presents a retrospective observational analysis of 45 patients with SCID and CGD who received BCG vaccination and underwent HSCT. In the post-transplant period, 33 (73.3%) patients had BCG-related complications, either localized or generalized. The presence of BCG vaccine-related complications in the pre-transplant period was a significant predictor of the development of post-transplant complications. The most severe and long-term BCG vaccine-related complications were observed in the patients with SCID: the median time to the resolution of symptoms of BCG infection was 30 days and 100 days in the CGD patients and the SCID patients, respectively (p&lt; 0.001). The severity of BCG vaccine-related complications, the nature of the primary disease and the presence of pre-transplant BCG vaccine-related complications did not affect the overall survival (OS) of the patients: OS for the entire study group was 79.5 ± 6.6%. Non-compliance with antimycobacterial prophylaxis prior to HSCT resulted in severe infections in a number of patients. The treatment of BCG vaccine-related complications included a combination of several antimycobacterial agents, and anti-inflammatory drugs (such as glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 and 6 receptor antagonists) in cases of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (n= 18). The only effective method of prophylaxis of BCG-related infections in patients with SCID and CGD in the pre- and post-transplant period is the exemption of newborns from BCG vaccination based on their family history. Uninterrupted antimycobacterial prophylaxis in vaccinated patients in the pre- and post-transplant period is also important. Furthermore, an effective uniform strategy for the prevention and treatment of BCG vaccine-related complications in PID patients both before and after HSCT is needed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вакцина БЦЖ (бацилла Кальмета–Герена, BCG – Bacillus Calmette–Guerin) широко применяется для вакцинации новорожденных в первые дни жизни в целях защиты от развития микобактериальных инфекций. Однако развитие осложнений после введения вакцины БЦЖ у пациентов с первичными иммунодефицитами (ПИД) может привести к серьезным последствиям для их здоровья и жизни. Важной проблемой является развитие БЦЖ-ассоциированных осложнений у пациентов с тяжелой комбинированной иммунной недостаточностью (ТКИН) и хронической гранулематозной болезнью (ХГБ) после трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК). В статье представлен ретроспективный анализ данных наблюдения за 45 пациентами с ТКИН и ХГБ, вакцинированными БЦЖ и перенесшими ТГСК. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России. БЦЖ-ассоциированные осложнения, как локализованные, так и генерализованные, наблюдались у 33 (73,3%) пациентов в посттрансплантационном периоде. Значимым предиктором развития данных осложнений после трансплантации явилось наличие осложнений, связанных с вакциной БЦЖ, в предтрансплантационном периоде. Наиболее тяжелое и длительное течение БЦЖ-ассоциированных осложнений отмечалось у больных с ТКИН: медиана редукции проявлений БЦЖ-инфекции у пациентов с ХГБ составила 30 дней, при ТКИН – 100 дней (р&lt; 0,001). Тяжесть БЦЖ-ассоциированных осложнений, характер основного заболевания, а также наличие предтрансплантационных БЦЖ-ассоциированных осложнений не влияли на общую выживаемость пациентов, которая составила для всей группы включенных в исследование больных 79,5 ± 6,6%. Нарушение схемы профилактического приема антимикобактериальных препаратов до ТГСК привело у ряда пациентов к развитию тяжелых форм инфекции. В терапии осложнений, связанных с БЦЖ, применялась комбинация нескольких антимикобактериальных препаратов, а также противовоспалительные средства (глюкокортикостероиды, антагонисты рецепторов интерлейкинов-1 и -6) в случае развития воспалительного синдрома восстановления иммунитета (n= 18). Единственным эффективным методом профилактики развития БЦЖ-ассоциированной инфекции в пред- и посттрансплантационном периоде у пациентов с ТКИН и ХГБ является предотвращение вакцинации, основанное на подробном изучении семейного анамнеза новорожденного. Важным является также применение непрерывной профилактической схемы антимикобактериальной терапии у вакцинированных пациентов в пред- и посттрансплантационном периоде. Кроме того, необходима разработка единой эффективной стратегии по профилактике и лечению БЦЖ-ассоциированных осложнений у пациентов с ПИД как до, так и после ТГСК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BCG vaccine</kwd><kwd>BCGitis</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>primary immunodeficiencies</kwd><kwd>severe combined immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>chronic granulomatous disease</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцина БЦЖ</kwd><kwd>БЦЖит</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>первичные иммунодефициты</kwd><kwd>тяжелая комбинированная иммунная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>хроническая гранулематозная болезнь</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2019. WHO; 2020. 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