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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">571</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-4-168-177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A case report of atypical malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинический случай атипичной злокачественной формы меланотической нейроэктодермальной опухоли младенца</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow;</p><p>117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва;</p><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-7709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugushev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кугушев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. med. sci, a plastic surgeon, a pediatric surgeon, a pediatric oncologist at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow;</p><p>an associate professor at the Department of Surgery with a Course in Oncology and Pediatric Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, 117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач – пластический хирург, детский хирург, детский онколог отделения челюстно-лицевой хирургии, Москва;</p><p>доцент кафедры хирургии с курсом онкологии и реконструктивнопластической хирургии детскоговозраста, 119571, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><email>drkugushev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow;</p><p>117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва;</p><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-3103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasonov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясонов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-0977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-9152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozhin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогожин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow;</p><p>117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва;</p><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119571</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119571, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/571">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/571</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare neoplasm that predominantly involves cranial bones and tends to occur during the first year of life. About 500 cases have been described in the literature to date; 6% of them have been reported to be malignant. Treatment for these malignant tumors was not documented and often turned out to be ineffective.Here we report a case of a child aged 2 years and 4 months who presented with a rapidly growing mass in the maxillary region spreading through the orbit into the anterior cranial fossa. The patient’s parents gave consent to the use of their child’s data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications. He was treated at the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital from July 2018 to November 2019. The child underwent chemoradiation and staged surgical removal of the tumor. Treatment with ICE and radiation therapy led to a significant reduction of the tumor volume and enabled us to perform cytoreductive surgery with the removal of the mass in the maxilla. Further treatment according to the CWS 2009 guidance for high-risk patients with NRSTS (NonRhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma) and radiation therapy resulted in further regression of intraorbital and intracranial components of the tumor and we performed a radical resection of the residual tumor conglomerate. Investigations during the course of treatment revealed no signs of metastatic involvement. The behavior of malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy is unpredictable, that is why in case of the massive involvement of the facial bones when surgery is associated with a high risk of functional impairment or cosmetic deformity, one should consider preoperative chemotherapy to reduce tumor size and intraoperative blood loss. Moreover, chemotherapy in combination with resection makes it possible to minimize the risk of local relapse or metastasis. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Меланотическая нейроэктодермальная опухоль младенцев – редкое образование с преимущественным поражением костей черепа и дебютом на первом году жизни. В настоящий момент описано около 500 наблюдений, в 6% из них отмечалось злокачественное течение заболевания, лечение которого не протоколировано и часто безрезультатно. С июля 2018 г. по ноябрь 2019 г. в условиях Российской детской клинической больницы г. Москвы проходил лечение ребенок в возрасте 2 лет 4 месяцев с быстрорастущим образованием верхней челюсти слева, распространяющимся через орбиту в переднюю черепную ямку. Родители пациента дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. Ребенок получил курс полихимиолучевого лечения с этапным хирургическим удалением образования. Проведенный курс химиолучевого лечения по стандарту ICE позволил значительно уменьшить опухоль в объеме и провести циторедуктивную операцию с удалением образования верхней челюсти. Последующий курс CWS-2009 для NRSTS HR-group и лучевая терапия привели к дальнейшему регрессу интраорбитального и интракраниального компонентов новообразования, что позволило радикально провести удаление остаточного опухолевого конгломерата. При этапном обследовании данных за метастатические очаги выявлено не было. Поведение злокачественной формы меланотической нейроэктодермальной опухоли младенцев непредсказуемо, поэтому в случае массивного поражения структур лицевого черепа, когда операция сопряжена с высокими рисками функционального и косметического дефицитов, необходимо рассмотреть возможность предоперационной химиотерапии в целях уменьшения объема опухоли и интраоперационной кровопотери. Кроме того, химиотерапия в сочетании с резекцией образования позволяет минимизировать риск местного рецидива или метастазирования. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>progonoma</kwd><kwd>melanotic neuroectodermal tumor</kwd><kwd>malignant variant</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогонома</kwd><kwd>меланотическая нейроэктодермальная опухоль</kwd><kwd>злокачественный вариант</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krombecher E. 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