Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children57210.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-4-178-184LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫKey genetic disorders in the pathogenesis of neuroblastomaОсновные генетические нарушения в патогенезе нейробластомыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-1240ChernyshevaO. O.ЧернышеваО. О.
Russian Federation

a 5th year student at the Faculty of Medicine,

Delegatskaya St. 20 bldg. 1, Moscow 127473

студент 5-го курса лечебного факультета,

127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1

chernishevaoo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622DruiA. E.ДруйА. Е.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783KachanovD. Yu.КачановД. Ю.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477ShamanskayaT. V.ШаманскаяТ. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РоссииDmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России221220212041781842212202122122021Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2021«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/572

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system of embryonic origin, consisting of undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells of the neural crest.In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients under one year of age, NB is the most common tumor. At the same time, mortality of this disease ranks third, behind leukemias and tumors of the central nervous system, and amounts to 13% in the structure of child mortalityfrom malignant tumors in developed countries. The stratification of patients to the risk groups and the subsequent determination of treatment tactics depends on several prognostic factors, including genetic aberrations identified in tumor cells. Moreover, processes such as spontaneous regression and transformation into benign tumors are due to the genetic characteristics of NB. Thus, the study of genetic disorders underlying the pathogenesis of NB is necessary for adequate subdivision of patients into risk groups and developing of new methods of treatment. 

Нейробластома (НБ) – злокачественное новообразование симпатической нервной системы эмбрионального происхождения, состоящее из недифференцированных нейроэктодермальных клеток нервного гребня. В структуре заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями пациентов в возрасте младше 1 года НБ является наиболее часто встречающейся опухолью. При этом смертность от данного заболевания занимает 3-е место, уступая лейкозам и опухолям центральной нервной системы, и составляет 13% в структуре детской смертности от злокачественных новообразований в развитых странах. Стратификация пациентов на группы риска и последующее определение тактики лечения зависят от ряда прогностических факторов, в том числе определенных генетических аберраций в клетках опухоли. Кроме того, такие процессы, как спонтанная регрессия и трансформация в доброкачественные опухоли обусловлены генетическими особенностями НБ. Таким образом, изучение генетических нарушений, лежащих в основе патогенеза НБ, необходимо для адекватного подразделения пациентов на группы риска и разработки новых методов лечения. 

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