Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children57410.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-4-191-198LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫMolecular mechanisms of hemostasis impairment in oncologyМолекулярные механизмы нарушения гемостаза в онкологииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-6726KoltsovaE. M.КольцоваЕ. М.
Russian Federation

leading researcher of the Laboratory of Translational Medicine, 1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997;

Deputy Director of Science–Scientific Secretary, Moscow

ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории трансляционной медицины, 117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1;

заместитель директора по науке–ученый секретарь, Москва

ekaterina_koltsova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-9629SvidelskayaG. S.СвидельскаяГ. С.
Russian Federation

1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-0146ShifrinYu. A.ШифринЮ. А.
Russian Federation

1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3403-181XAtaullakhanovF. I.АтауллахановФ. И.
Russian Federation

1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава РоссииCenter for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of SciencesФГБУН Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии РАН221220212041911982212202122122021Copyright ©; 2021, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2021, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2021«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/574

Malignant neoplasms are characterized by the presence of the hemostasis system pathology, predisposing cancer patients to thrombohemorrhagic complications. The pathogenesis of cancer-associated coagulopathy is complex and involves a variety of mechanisms. Tumor cells have the ability to activate the host’s hemostasis system, and this phenomenon is controlled by the same oncogenes that are responsible for neoplastic transformation. In addition to predisposing factors to impaired hemostasis from the side of the disease, the anticancer drugs themselves carry risks of developing coagulation disorders. The pathophysiological basis of this kind of disorders caused by chemotherapy is associated with damage to the endothelium, imbalance of coagulation and anticoagulant proteins, platelet dysfunction and their deficiency. In this article, the authors set themselves the goal of generalizing and updating the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that cause thrombohemorrhagic risk in cancer. 

Злокачественные новообразования характеризуются наличием патологии системы гемостаза, предрасполагающей онкологических больных к тромбогеморрагическим осложнениям. Патогенез коагулопатии, связанной с раком, сложен и включает различные механизмы. Опухолевые клетки обладают способностью активировать систему гемостаза хозяина, и этот феномен управляется теми же онкогенами, которые ответственны за неопластическую трансформацию. Кроме предрасполагающих факторов к нарушению гемостаза со стороны заболевания сами противоопухолевые препараты несут риски развития нарушений коагуляции. Патофизиологические основы такого рода нарушений, вызванных химиопрепаратами, связаны с повреждением эндотелия, дисбалансом свертывающих и противосвертывающих белков, дисфункцией тромбоцитов и их дефицитом. В этой статье авторы поставили перед собой цель обобщить и актуализировать существующие на данный момент знания о молекулярных механизмах, обусловливающих тромбогеморрагический риск при онкологических заболеваниях. 

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