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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">585</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-1-12-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of genetic aberrations in pediatric low-grade gliomas: the experience of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ молекулярно-генетических аберраций у пациентов с глиомами низкой степени злокачественности: опыт НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-5216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papusha</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папуша</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ludmila I. Papusha</bold>, Cand. Med. Sci., a pediatric oncologist, Head of the Department of Pediatric Neurooncology</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Папуша Людмила Ивановна</bold>, канд. мед. наук, врач-детский онколог, заведующая отделом оптимизации терапии опухолей центральной нервной системы </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>ludmila.mur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-3499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panferova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панферова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-665X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiakhmetova</surname><given-names>А. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиахметова</surname><given-names>Э. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-2793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salnikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-4305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilesova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилесова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-198X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/585">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/585</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Low grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common brain tumors in children. Our retrospective-prospective study of biological characteristics of sporadic LGGs (not associated with neurofibromatosis type I) included 233 patients aged 0 to 18 years who had been diagnosed and/or treated at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology in the period from 2009 to 2021. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI. The median age at the diagnosis was 5 years 4 months (2 months – 17 years). Among the LGGs, the following histological variants were identified: pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 191; 82%), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (n = 16; 7%), ganglioglioma (n = 7; 3%), desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (n = 4; 2%), diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (n = 5; 2%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (n = 2, 1%), and diffuse astrocytoma (n = 1; 0,5%). The tumors were located in: the suprasellar region (n = 98; 42%), the brainstem (n = 40; 17%), the cerebellum (n = 35; 15%), the hemispheres (n = 34; 15%) etc. The KIAA1549-BRAF fusion was the most common molecular genetic alteration (n = 107; 46%). The second most frequent genetic aberration was the BRAF V600E mutation (n = 44; 19%). Rare molecular genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway were detected in 13 (6%) patients. The H3 K27M mutation associated with an aggressive clinical course was identified in three patients with brainstem LGGs (1%). These findings point to the importance of molecular profiling of pediatric LGGs for the selection of an effective strategy for molecular diagnosis and optimal clinical care.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Глиомы низкой степени злокачественности (ГНСЗ) преобладают в структуре опухолей головного мозга у детей и представляют собой гетерогенную группу опухолей, которая требует дифференциального подхода к диагностике и лечению. В работе представлены результаты комплексного молекулярно-генетического исследования образцов ткани опухоли 233 пациентов в возрасте от 0 до 18 лет, проходивших обследование и/или лечение в НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева в период с 2009 г. по 2021 г. с патоморфологическим диагнозом ГНСЗ. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза составила 5 лет 4 месяца (2 месяца – 17 лет). Исследуемая группа детских ГНСЗ включала следующие гистологические варианты: пилоцитарная астроцитома (n = 191; 82%), плеоморфная ксантоастроцитома (n = 16; 7%), ганглиоглиома (n = 7; 3%), инфантильная десмопластическая ганглиоглиома (n = 4; 2%), диффузная лептоменингеальная глионейрональная опухоль (n = 5; 2%), дизэмбриопластическая нейроэпителиальная опухоль (n = 2; 1%) и диффузная астроцитома (n = 1; 0,5%). По локализации первичного очага: хиазмально-селлярная область (n = 98; 42%), ствол головного мозга (n = 40; 17%), мозжечок (n = 35; 15%), большие полушария головного мозга (n = 34; 15%) и др. Основным молекулярно-генетическим драйвером в подавляющем большинстве случаев являлся химерный транскрипт KIAA1549–BRAF (n = 107; 46%). Второй по частоте встречаемости определена мутация BRAF V600E (n = 44; 19%). Редкие молекулярно-генетические события, приводящие к активации сигнального пути MAPK, обнаружены у 13 (6%) больных. У 3 (1%) пациентов с ГНСЗ ствола головного мозга выявлена замена H3 K27M, определяющая неблагоприятное течение заболевания. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значимости изучения генетического профиля детских ГНСЗ для определения тактики ведения пациентов и использования препаратов персонализированной терапии, а также позволяют разработать оптимальный алгоритм молекулярно-генетической диагностики ГНСЗ у детей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low grade gliomas</kwd><kwd>pilocytic astrocytoma</kwd><kwd>KIAA1549-BRAF</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глиомы низкой степени злокачественности</kwd><kwd>пилоцитарная астроцитома</kwd><kwd>KIAA1549–BRAF</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при спонсорской поддержке фонда «Наука – Детям».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Ostrom Q.T., Cioffi G., Waite K., Kruchko C., Barnholtz-Sloan J.S. 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