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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">588</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-1-42-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Low specificity of HLA-DR expression for diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Низкая специфичность маркера HLA-DR для диагностики острого промиелоцитарного лейкоза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ekaterina V. Mikhailova</bold>, MD, Leukemia Immunophenotyping Laboratory</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Михайлова Екатерина Валерьевна</bold>, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории иммунофенотипирования гемобластозов</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>katmikhailova1805@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9473-6398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mochalova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мочалова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-7412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashpor</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашпор</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerkalenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеркаленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-7435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plyasunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/588">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/588</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Contemporary therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is based on the use of all-trans retinoic acid, which is effective against tumor cells harboring RARa gene rearrangements (most common – t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa). In several studies, it was suggested to use typical immunophenotypic features of APL (HLA-DR-negativity, etc) for prediction of RARa rearrangements presence. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the range of genetic aberrations that could be found in the HLA-DR-negative acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Among studied 806 pediatric AML patients, HLA-DR-negativity was found in 253 cases. Only in 45.4% of them t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa was found, while in remaining 54.6% normal karyotype or other genetic aberrations without RARa involvement. Frequency of the most common immunophenotypic features of APL, such as total CD117, CD33 and MPO expression with the lack of CD34, was higher in patients with t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa, although only two thirds of APL cases were found to have all these signs. Moreover, the percentage of cells positive or negative for mentioned antigens varied significantly in APL group. Thus we can conclude, that all “typical” immunophenotypic characteristics of APL including HLA-DR-negativity, are very unspecific and cannot be used for reliable prediction of presence of t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В основе терапии острого промиелоцитарного лейкоза (ОПЛ) лежат препараты транс-ретиноевой кислоты, эффективные только в отношении клеток с перестройками гена RARa (наиболее часто встречающаяся – t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa). В ряде исследований авторы предлагают использовать некоторые особенности иммунофенотипа опухолевых клеток, прежде всего HLA-DRнегативность, для предсказания наличия перестройки гена RARa. Целью данной работы являлось изучение спектра генетических перестроек опухолевых клеток острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ), негативных по мембранному маркеру HLA-DR. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. Среди 806 случаев ОМЛ у детей отсутствие экспрессии HLA-DR было выявлено в 253 образцах. Из них 45,4% имели характерную для ОПЛ перестройку гена RARa (t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa), у 54,6% она отсутствовала, при этом выявлялись другие различные генетические аномалии и хромосомные аберрации. Частота встречаемости «характерных» для ОПЛ особенностей иммунофенотипа, таких как тотальная экспрессия CD117, MPO, CD33 и отсутствие экспрессии CD34, оказалась значительно выше при наличии перестройки гена RARa, однако одновременно все данные характеристики были отмечены лишь в 66,7% случаев ОПЛ с t(15;17)(q24;q21)/PML::RARa. При этом доля позитивных клеток по маркерам CD117, CD34, MPO варьировала в широком диапазоне значений. Все исследованные «характерные» для ОПЛ особенности иммунофенотипа, такие как негативность по HLA-DR, CD34 и тотальная позитивность по CD117, CD33, MPO, а также профиль коэкспрессий лимфоидных маркеров, не являются строго специфичными для одной конкретной генетической группы ОМЛ и не могут использоваться для предсказания наличия перестройки гена RARa и постановки диагноза ОПЛ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>acute promyelocytic leukemia</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>острый промиелоцитарный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при спонсорской поддержке фонда «Наука – Детям».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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