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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">611</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-2-13-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лечение рецидивирующей и рефрактерной лимфомы Ходжкина у детей с использованием аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-601X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Andrey V. Kozlov</bold>, Cand. Med. Sci., a senior researcher at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Associate Professor at the Department of Hematology, Transfusion and Transplantation at the I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</p><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Козлов Андрей Вадимович</bold>, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р.М. Горбачевой, доцент кафедры гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p></bio><email>kozlovandrew1983@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-6213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5979-9182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukhta</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юхта</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-4618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolayev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-0358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolkunova</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толкунова</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-8209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorgyan</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворгян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvetsov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швецов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-5586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потанин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-219X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-0066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Botina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-5091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baykov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0445-8452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Punanov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пунанов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-047X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/611">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/611</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The majority of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are cured, which represents one of the best cure rates in oncology. However, the prognosis is not as favorable in case of relapsed or refractory (RR) disease. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is an effective way to consolidate remission in patients with RR HL. Despite the many years of experience and the availability of results of randomized trials confirming the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy in adults, the role of auto-HSCT in children with HL has not been studied as extensively, and there are only a limited number of publications on the subject. As is the case with the majority of other pediatric tumors, RR HL is a rare entity, which is why it is so difficult to study it. Here we share the experience of the R. M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation in auto-HSCT in children and adolescents with HL. The study was approved by an Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University. We included 54 patients with RR HL who had undergone auto-HSCT during the period from 2007 to 2021. Refractory disease (n = 29; 54 %) was diagnosed in case of HL progression either during first-line therapy or in the first 3 months after the completion of the treatment. Relapsed disease was diagnosed in 25 (46 %) children. Early HL relapse (&lt; 12 months since the start of therapy) was evident in 18 (72 %) patients, while late HL relapse (≥ 12 months since the start of therapy) occurred in 7 (28 %) children. The median number of lines of therapy before auto-HSCT was 3 (1–6). The first line of treatment was chemotherapy in accordance with the GPOH-HD (n = 27; 50 %), BEACOPP (n = 19; 35 %), or other protocols (n = 8; 15 %); the second line involved the use of IEP/ABVD (n = 14; 27 %), DHAP (n = 12; 23%), ICE (n = 13; 25 %), or other combinations (n = 13; 25%); and third-line treatment consisted of DHAP (n = 9; 29 %), a combination of brentuximab vedotin and bendamustine (n = 8; 26%), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (n = 7; 22.5 %) or other regimens (n = 7; 22.5 %). ICIs were used for remission induction prior to auto-HSCT in 14 (26 %) patients. Response was assessed using the Lugano classification. Status before transplantation: complete remission (CR) – 21 (39 %) patients, partial remission (PR) – 30 (56 %), disease stabilization – 2 (3.5 %), disease progression – 1 (1.5 %). The BEAM conditioning regimen was used in 17 (31 %) patients, and the BeEAM regimen – in 32 (59 %) patients. The 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 88% (95 % confidence interval (CI) 74–95), 80% (95 % CI 62–90) and 63% (95 % CI 34–81) respectively. The 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 46% (95 % CI 24–65). The median follow-up was 3.3 (0.1–12.3) years. The long-term PFS in children with CR and PR was 72% (95 % CI 41–89) and 33 % (95 % CI 8–61) respectively (p = 0.067). A total of 9 (16.7 %) patients died during follow-up. The main cause of death was progressive HL (n = 6), while some patients died in the early post-transplant period due to infections (n = 3; 5.6 %). The median time to relapse or progression after auto-HSCT was 6 (1–77) months. Out of 17 (31 %) patients with relapsed or progressive HL after auto-HSCT, 9 (53 %) children are alive at a median follow-up of 2.3 (0.7–9) years. Considering that our study included patients who had been more extensively pre-treated (the median number of lines of therapy – 3) than patients in the majority of other studies (the median number of lines of therapy – 2), it can be assumed that our results are superior to historical data. The improvement of transplantation outcomes observed over time can be attributed to better supportive treatment and probably, to the use of immunotherapy. According to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), it is crucially important that long-term survival in children with RR HL be monitored closely since it can be drastically different from results obtained during the first years of follow-up - due to late relapses and complications of the received treatment. The 10-year survival rates show that the RR HL problem is yet to be resolved. With the help of auto-HSCT, approximately half of children and adolescents with RR HL can be cured. One of the most important favorable prognostic factors in these patients is the achievement of CR before transplantation. The use of immunotherapy for remission induction before auto-HSCT is also promising.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бóльшая часть пациентов, страдающих лимфомой Ходжкина (ЛХ), излечиваются, что является одним из лучших показателей в онкологии. Однако в случае рецидивирующего или рефрактерного течения (Р-Р) прогноз не такой благоприятный. Использование аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК) – это эффективный способ консолидации ремиссии в случае Р-Р ЛХ. Несмотря на уже многолетнее применение и наличие рандомизированных исследований, подтвердивших эффективность высокодозной полихимиотерапии у взрослых, роль ауто-ТГСК у детей с ЛХ изучена в меньшей степени и количество публикаций, посвященных этому вопросу, невелико. Р-Р ЛХ, как и большинство других детских опухолей, относится к редкой патологии, что и объясняет сложности в исследовании этой проблемы. В статье представлен опыт НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой по проведению ауто-ТГСК у детей и подростков с ЛХ. Исследование поддержано независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова. В работу включены 54 пациента с Р-Р ЛХ, которым была проведена ауто-ТГСК за период 2007–2021 гг. Рефрактерность (n = 29; 54 %) устанавливалась в случае прогрессии ЛХ на терапии первой линии или в течение первых 3 мес после окончания лечения. Рецидивирующее течение было диагностировано у 25 (46 %) детей. Ранний рецидив ЛХ (&lt; 12 мес от начала терапии) отмечался у 18 (72 %) человек и поздний рецидив (≥ 12 мес от начала терапии) – у 7 (28 %). Медиана линий терапии перед ауто-ТГСК составила 3 (1–6). В качестве первой линии терапии использовались протоколы GPOH-HD (n = 27; 50%), BEACOPP (n = 19; 35%), другие схемы (n = 8; 15%); вторая линия включала IEP/ABVD (n = 14; 27 %), DHAP (n = 12; 23 %), ICE (n = 13; 25%), другие схемы (n = 13;25 %); третья линия состояла из DHAP (n = 9; 29 %), комбинации брентуксимаба ведотина и бендамустина (n = 8; 26 %), ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек (ИКТ) (n = 7; 22,5 %) и других протоколов (n = 7; 22,5 %). ИКТ использовались для индукции ремиссии перед ауто-ТГСК у 14 (26 %) пациентов. Ответ на лечение оценивался по критериям Лугано. Статус перед трансплантацией: полная ремиссия (ПР) – 21 (39 %) человек, частичная ремиссия (ЧР) – 30 (56 %), стабилизация – 2 (3,5 %), прогрессия – 1 (1,5 %). Режим кондиционирования BEAM применялся в 17 (31 %) случаях и BeEAM – в 32 (59 %). Трех-, 5- и 10-летняя общая выживаемость (ОВ) составила 88 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 74–95), 80 % (95 % ДИ 62–90) и 63% (95 % ДИ 34–81) соответственно. Десятилетняя выживаемость без прогрессирования (ВБП) составила 46 % (95% ДИ 24–65). Медиана наблюдения за пациентами была 3,3 (0,1–12,3) года. Долгосрочная ВБП у пациентов в ПР и ЧР составила 72% (95 % ДИ 41–89) и 33 % (95 % ДИ 8–61) соответственно (p = 0,067). Всего за время наблюдения умерли 9 (16,7 %) человек. Прогрессирующая ЛХ была основной причиной смерти (n = 6), и меньшая часть пациентов погибла в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде из-за инфекционных осложнений (n = 3; 5,6 %). Медиана до развития рецидива или прогрессирования после ауто-ТГСК составила 6 (1–77) мес. Из 17 (31 %) человек с рецидивом или прогрессией ЛХ после ауто-ТГСК остаются живыми 9 (53 %) при медиане наблюдения 2,3 (0,7–9) года. C учетом того, что в нашей работе были более предлеченные пациенты (медиана линий терапии – 3), нежели в большинстве других исследований (медиана линий терапии – 2), то можно предположить, что полученные результаты превосходят исторические данные. Причины улучшения результатов трансплантации с течением времени связаны с совершенствованием сопроводительной терапии и, возможно, с использованием иммунотерапии. По данным Центра международных исследований трансплантации крови и костного мозга (CIBMTR), критически важно отслеживать долгосрочную выживаемость у детей с Р-Р ЛХ, так как она может значительно отличаться от результатов, полученных в первые годы наблюдения, за счет поздних рецидивов заболевания и осложнений проведенной терапии. Если анализировать 10-летнюю выживаемость, то не будет преувеличением сказать, что проблема Р-Р ЛХ пока еще остается нерешенной. При использовании ауто-ТГСК удается излечить примерно половину детей и подростков, страдающих Р-Р ЛХ. Одним из наиболее важных факторов благоприятного прогноза у этих пациентов является достижение ПР перед трансплантацией. Перспективным подходом является применение иммунотерапии для индукции ремиссии перед ауто-ТГСК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hodgkin lymphoma</kwd><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd><kwd>refractory disease</kwd><kwd>high-dose chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лимфома Ходжкина</kwd><kwd>аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>рефрактерность</kwd><kwd>высокодозная полихимиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Yuen A. R., Rosenberg S. A., Hoppe R. T., Halpern J. D., Horning S. J. 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