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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">614</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-2-48-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of acute intestinal “graft-versus-host” disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль эндоскопии в диагностике интестинальной формы острой реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-9730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Tatyana S. Shubina</bold>, an endoscopist at the Department of Oncology and Pediatric Surgery</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Шубина Татьяна Сергеевна</bold>, врач-эндоскопист отделения онкологии и детской хирургии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>tatya25@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-7293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podlipaeva</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подлипаева</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-2876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/614">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/614</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective method of therapy which is widely used for the treatment of a number of diseases in children. “Graft-versus-host” disease (GVHD) is a severe complication that can develop after HSCT. The incidence of GVHD, according to some authors, ranges from 40 to 60%. The main target organs of acute GVHD are skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Early diagnosis is critical in choosing the optimal treatment. The clinical manifestations of intestinal GVHD are non-specific. Currently, the “gold standard” of GVHD diagnosis is the histopathological assessment of biopsy samples. However, a conditioning regimen, cytomegalovirus infection, and/or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs can also induce apoptosis and lead to the same microscopic changes as the ones seen in GVHD. The main goals of an endoscopic examination are the visual assessment of the mucosa and a biopsy. Several articles describe macroscopic changes in the colonic mucosa characteristic of GVHD which can be used as a diagnostic criterion. Here, we review related literature and report a case of severe acute GVHD as well as evaluate the patient’s clinical manifestations and endoscopic findings. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – это эффективный метод терапии, который широко применяется для лечения большой группы заболеваний у детей. Одним из тяжелых осложнений после ТГСК является реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ). Частота развития РТПХ, по данным ряда авторов, колеблется от 40 до 60 %. Основные органы-мишени при развитии острой РТПХ – кожа, печень и желудочно-кишечный тракт. Ранняя диагностика имеет решающее значение при выборе тактики лечения. При развитии кишечной формы РТПХ клиническая картина неспецифична. В настоящее время «золотым стандартом» диагностики является морфологическая оценка биоптатов. Однако режим кондиционирования, цитомегаловирусная инфекция и /или лечение иммуносупрессивными препаратами также могут индуцировать апоптоз и привести к тем же микроскопическим изменениям, что выявляются при РТПХ. Основной задачей эндоскопического исследования является визуальная оценка слизистой оболочки и выполнение биопсии. В ряде публикаций описаны характерные для РТПХ макроскопические изменения слизистой оболочкитолстой кишки, которые могут являться диагностическим критерием при постановке диагноза. В данной статье представлены анализ литературы и клинический случай тяжелого течения острой РТПХ, а также проведена оценка клинических проявлений и эндоскопической картины. Родители пациента дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endoscopy</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>“graft-versus-host” disease</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндоскопия</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Афанасьев Б. В. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей: настоящее, проблемы, перспективы / Б. В. 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