Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children62810.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-2-157-166LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫThe role of gangliosides in the modulation of carcinogenesisРоль ганглиозидов в модуляции канцерогенезаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-8445IvanovN. S.ИвановН. С.
Russian Federation

Nikolay S. Ivanov, a pediatrician, a resident in Pediatric Oncology

1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997

Иванов Николай Сергеевич, врач-педиатр, врач-ординатор по специальности «детская онкология»

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

greatinsmd@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-6588KholodenkoR. V.ХолоденкоР. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783KachanovD. Yu.КачановД. Ю.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-0078LarinS. S.ЛаринС. С.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-6393MollaevM. D.МоллаевМ. Д.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477ShamanskayaT. V.ШаманскаяТ. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава РоссииM.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesФГБУН Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН080720222121571662606202226062022Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2025«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/628

   Gangliosides are complex glycosphingolipids which contain ceramide and various oligosaccharides usually bearing sialic acids. An interesting feature of gangliosides is that their quantitative and qualitative composition changes during oncogenesis. This process is specific and depends on the histological type of a tumor and its functional status even within one neoplasm. On the other hand, latest advances in understanding structural and functional organization of glycosphingolipids, and primarily insights into lipid raft formation, showed that gangliosides may take part in the regulation of the activity of kinases mediating the modulation of signaling pathways involved in the malignant potential of cells. This article describes basic concepts of gangliosides and their biological role in signaling pathways involved in tumor development. We focused on experimental studies revealing both inhibitory and activating effects on important protein receptors responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and death.

   Ганглиозиды – сложные соединения, относящиеся к классу гликосфинголипидов, несущие в своем составе церамид и различные олигосахариды, в которых обычно присутствуют сиаловые кислоты. Интересной особенностью ганглиозидов является изменение их количественного и качественного состава в процессе онкогенеза, что характеризуется определенной специфичностью в зависимости от гистологического типа опухоли и функционального статуса в пределах даже одного новообразования. С другой стороны, современные достижения в понимании структурной и функциональной организации гликосфинголипидов, в первую очередь в контексте формирования липидных рафтов, продемонстрировали возможность участия ганглиозидов в регуляции активности киназ, опосредующих модуляцию сигнальных путей, детерминирующих формирование злокачественного потенциала клеток. В статье рассмотрены фундаментальные представления о биологической роли ганглиозидов в проведении сигнальных путей, вовлеченных в регуляцию опухолевого процесса, с акцентом на экспериментальные исследования, демонстрирующие как ингибирующее, так и активирующее влияние на важные белковые рецепторы, ответственные за пролиферацию, дифференцировку и гибель клеток.

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