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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-4-142-151</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Злокачественная гастроинтестинальная нейроэктодермальная опухоль</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-1749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kralichkin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краличкин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-0125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teleshova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телешова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-6572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-6420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaladze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахаладзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskaya</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкая</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Yaroslavl</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Ярославль</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Yaroslavl</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Ярославль</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Denis Yu. Kachanov</bold>, Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Clinical Oncology, Deputy Director of the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine</p><p><italic>117997, Moscow, Samory Mashela St., 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Качанов Денис Юрьевич</bold>, д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделением клинической онкологии, заместитель директора Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины</p><p><italic>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</italic></p></bio><email>Denis.Kachanov@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ЯО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/643">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/643</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET) is a rare, aggressive, highly malignant mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It commonly arises within the gastrointestinal tract, mostly involving the small intestine. The molecular features of GNET include chromosomal translocations t(12;22)(q13;q12) and t(2;22)(q34;q12) resulting in EWSR1–ATF1 and EWSR1–CREB1 gene fusions, respectively. Only a few cases of GNET in children and adolescents have been described in the international literature. Here, we report a case of metastatic GNET in a 6-year-old boy. The patient's parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and by high-throughput RNA exome sequencing which revealed the typical EWSR1–ATF1 fusion transcript. In this article, we give the details of the patient's treatment that included intensive chemotherapy and the administration of the c-Met/ ALK inhibitor crizotinib with a transient antitumor effect. We also provide a literature review describing the clinical features and pathogenesis of GNET, its differential diagnosis and treatment approaches.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Злокачественная гастроинтестинальная нейроэктодермальная опухоль (ЗГНО) – редкая агрессивная мезенхимальная опухоль желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), отличающаяся высоким потенциалом злокачественности. Характерным является поражение ЖКТ с преимущественным развитием в стенке тонкой кишки. В основе развития ЗГНО лежат хромосомные транслокации t(12;22)(q13;q12) и t(2;22) (q34;q12), приводящие к формированию химерных транскриптов EWSR1–ATF1 и EWSR1–CREB1 соответственно. В международной литературе представлены единичные случаи развития данного вида новообразования у детей и подростков. В настоящей статье описан случай развития метастатической формы ЗГНО у мальчика в возрасте 6 лет. Родители пациента дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. Диагноз был подтвержден гистологически и методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования «РНК экзом», по результатам которого выявлен характерный химерный транскрипт EWSR1–ATF1. Описана терапия заболевания, включающая помимо применения интенсивной химиотерапии назначение c-Met/ALKингибитора кризотиниба с транзиторным противоопухолевым эффектом. Представлен обзор литературы, описывающий клинические особенности, патогенез, дифференциальную диагностику и подходы к терапии ЗГНО. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>crizotinib</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злокачественная гастроинтестинальная нейроэктодермальная опухоль</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>кризотиниб</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wang J., Thway K. Clear Cell Sarcoma-like Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Evolving Entity. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139 (3): 407–12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Miettinen M., Sciot R., Tsui W.M. Gastrointestinal clear cell sarcoma/ malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor. WHO classification of tumours. 5th edition. Digestive System Tumours. 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