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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">650</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-3-28-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the ALL-MB 2002 study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Острый лимфобластный лейкоз высокого риска в исследовании ALL-MB 2002</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Litvinov, Chief Physician</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинов Дмитрий Витальевич, главный врач</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>dmitry.litvinov@fccho-moscow.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-1921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleynikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Borovlyany, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p><p>Республика Беларусь, Минский район, д. Боровляны</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minkina</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минкина</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владивосток</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-2629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratchik</surname><given-names>K. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратчик</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-9656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Inyushkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инюшкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балашиха</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-446X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanyan</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланян</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-325X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryskal</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыскаль</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Perm</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пермь</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарикова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Borovlyany, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p><p>Республика Беларусь, Минский район, д. Боровляны</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-104X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoyko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагойко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-3728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Краевая детская клиническая больница №1»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Department of Health of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Oncology Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ РО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ПК «Краевая детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/650">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/650</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents the results for the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from the high-risk group (HRG) treated according to the ALL-MB 2002 Protocol. The registration phase of the study was performed from 15.04.2002 to 01.01.2008. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The study involved 36 departments (centers) of pediatric hematology/oncology in Russia and Belarus. One hundred and ten primary patients with ALL aged 1 to 18 years who met the criteria for high risk group, were analyzed: 29 patients with t(9;22), 11 patients with t(4;11), and 70 patients without stratifying genetic abnormalities who did not achieve remission by day 36 of induction therapy (16 patients from the standard risk group and 54 patients from the intermediate risk group, at initial). Median follow-up was 10.75 (8.6–13.8) years. First remission (CR1) was achieved in 80.9% of patients. 37.27% of patients relapsed, 51.22% of relapses were very early. The proportion of isolated bone marrow relapse was 73%, while isolated central nervous system relapses were observed in 4.55% of the cases. None of the patients developed a secondary tumor, 5.45% of patients were lost from follow-up. Only 15.7% of patients with CR1 received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Only half of the patients with Ph-positive ALL received treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In total, 26.36% of patients remain in CR1. Overall and event-free survival were 32.9 ± 4.6% and 31.5 ± 4.5%, respectively. The cumulative risks of relapses and treatment-related mortality were 37.6 ± 4.3% and 20.9 ± 3.8%, respectively. There were no significant difference in the initial parameters and responses to therapy between the subgroups of patients. Overall and event-free survival were the highest in patients with ALL with t(4;11): 54.5 ± 15% and 45.5 ± 15%, respectively. The lowest overall and event-free survival were observed in the subgroup of patients without stratifying anomalies who did not achieve remission on day 36: 29.1 ± 5.6% and 27.1 ± 5.3%, respectively. The cumulative risk of relapse was the highest in patients who did not respond to induction therapy (42.9 ± 5.2%). The cumulative risk of treatment-related mortality was the highest in patients with Ph-positive ALL (31.0 ± 8.6%). The 5-year overall survival of patients with ALL relapse after high-risk therapy was extremely low – 7.7% (95% confidence interval 0–16.1), median overall survival after relapse in this group was only 187 days. This indicates that the options for second-line therapy of high-risk patients were severely limited at the time of ALL-MB 2002 study, because they included only chemotherapeutic strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе представлены финальные результаты терапии пациентов с острым лимфобластным лейкозом (ОЛЛ) группы высокого риска (ГВР) по протоколу ALL-MB 2002, регистрационная фаза которого проходила в период с 15.04.2002 по 01.01.2008. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. В исследовании приняли участие 36 отделений (Центров) детской гематологии/ онкологии Российской Федерации и Республики Беларусь. В анализ были включены 110 первичных пациентов с ОЛЛ в возрасте от 1 до 18 лет, соответствовавших критериям ГВР, принятым в данном исследовании: 29 пациентов были с транслокацией t(9;22), 11 – с транслокацией t(4;11) и 70 детей без стратифицирующих генетических аномалий, не достигших ремиссии к 36-му дню индукции (16 из группы стандартного и 54 из группы промежуточного риска, определенных инициально). Медиана длительности наблюдения за пациентами составила 10,75 (8,6–13,8) года. В целом по ГВР первая полная ремиссия (ПР1) достигнута у 80,9% пациентов. Рецидивы развились в 37,27% случаев, из них 51,22% составили очень ранние. В 73% случаев рецидивы были изолированными костномозговыми, уровень изолированных рецидивов центральной нервной системы составил 4,55%. Ни у одного пациента не было констатировано развитие второй опухоли, 5,45% были потеряны из-под наблюдения. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток была проведена 15,7% пациентов, достигших ПР1. Ингибитор тирозинкиназы получили только половина пациентов с Ph-позитивным ОЛЛ. Суммарно 26,36% пациентов остаются в ПР1. Общая и бессобытийная выживаемость составили 32,9 ± 4,6% и 31,5 ± 4,5% соответственно, кумулятивные риски развития рецидивов и летальности, связанной с лечением, ‒ 37,6 ± 4,3% и 20,9 ± 3,8% соответственно. По большинству инициальных параметров и частоте ответа на терапию подгруппы больных не отличались. Общая и бессобытийная выживаемость была наибольшей у больных ОЛЛ с транслокацией t(4;11) – 54,5 ± 15% и 45,5 ± 15% соответственно, наименьшей – у пациентов без стратифицирующих аномалий, не достигших ремиссии на 36-й день, – 29,1 ± 5,6% и 27,1 ± 5,3% соответственно. Кумулятивный риск развития рецидива был максимальным у больных, не ответивших на терапию индукции (42,9 ± 5,2%), а кумулятивный риск летальности, связанной с лечением, – у пациентов с Ph-позитивным ОЛЛ (31,0 ± 8,6%). Пятилетняя общая выживаемость пациентов с рецидивом ОЛЛ после терапии по программе высокого риска оказалась экстремально низкой ‒ 7,7% (95% доверительный интервал 0–16,1) с медианой длительности жизни после рецидива всего 187 дней, что свидетельствует об ограниченности вариантов терапии второй линии у пациентов ГВР в рамках чисто химиотерапевтических стратегий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>high risk</kwd><kwd>the ALL-MB 2002 protocol</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>высокий риск</kwd><kwd>протокол ALL-MB 2002</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Schrappe M., Stanulla M. Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In: Treatment of acute leukemias. Pui C.-H. (ed.). 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