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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">662</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-1-139-146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">X-linked agammaglobulinemia: a review of literature and a case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Х-сцепленная агаммаглобулинемия: обзор литературы и клинический случай</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-6545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mgdsyan</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мгдсян</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Edmond К. Mgdsyan</bold>, a resident </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Мгдсян Эдмонд Каренович</bold>, врач-ординатор </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>edmondio100@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9078-8206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukhacheva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юхачева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-0706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-7209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershin</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першин</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-2840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kieva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-2053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raikina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-5696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-4721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of Ministry of Healthсare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-17"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/662">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/662</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), or Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia, – is a primary immunodeficiency, caused by defects in the <italic>BTK </italic>gene encoding Bruton’s tyrosine kinase. The <italic>BTK </italic>defects lead to the arrest of B-lymphocyte development and, as a result, agammaglobulinemia. The disease manifests with recurrent infections starting in infancy. The gold standard of XLA treatment – intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution – proved effective in various multicenter studies and increases the quality of life of XLA patients. However, there are cases of delayed disease verification, and untimely delayed treatment, which leads to severe, recurrent infections and life-threatening conditions. We present a review of the literature and case report of an XLA patient with ecthyma gangrenosum. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Х-сцепленная агаммаглобулинемия (X-linked agammaglobulinemia, XLA), или агаммаглобулинемия Брутона, – это первичный иммунодефицит, вызванный мутацией в гене, кодирующем тирозинкиназу Брутона (<italic>BTK</italic>), что приводит к дефекту созревания В-лимфоцитов и, как следствие, к агаммаглобулинемии. Клинически это проявляется рецидивирующими инфекционными эпизодами с раннего возраста. Лечение данного заболевания заключается в регулярной заместительной терапии внутривенным и подкожным иммуноглобулином, что показало свою эффективность во многих мультицентровых исследованиях. В настоящее время это является терапией выбора и значительно улучшает качество жизни пациентов. Тем не менее нередко встречаются случаи отсроченной постановки диагноза и, соответственно, несвоевременного лечения, что приводит к тяжелым повторяющимся инфекциям, а в некоторых случаях – к жизнеугрожающим состояниям. В статье представлены обзор литературы и клинический случай гангренозной эктимы у пациента с XLA. Родители пациента дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий ребенка, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>X-linked agammaglobulinemia</kwd><kwd>BTK</kwd><kwd>ecthyma gangrenosum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>Х-сцепленная агаммаглобулинемия</kwd><kwd>BTK</kwd><kwd>гангренозная эктима</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruton O. C., Agammaglobulinemia. Pediatrics 9 – 1952. - P. 722–728.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruton O.C. Agammaglobulinemia. Pediatrics 1952; 9 (6): 722–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hans D. Ochs, C.I. Edvard Smith, Jennifer M. Puck. 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