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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-4-45-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en"><italic>MYCN</italic>-amplified stage 1 neuroblastoma: results of a retrospective multicenter study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейробластома 1-й стадии с амплификацией гена <italic>MYCN</italic>: результаты ретроспективного мультицентрового исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-7181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогурова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9268-2306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotlyarova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котлярова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Yekaterinburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Екатеринбург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-0116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaychikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайчиков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Yekaterinburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Екатеринбург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-2594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Tula</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Тула</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-0465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slinin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слинин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Tatyana V. Shamanskaya</bold>, Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department for Embryonal Tumor Research at the Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine</p><p><italic>117997, Moscow, Samory Mashela St., 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Шаманская Татьяна Викторовна</bold>, канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделом изучения эмбриональных опухолей Института онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины</p><p><italic>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</italic></p></bio><email>shamanskaya.tatyana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (Oncological)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический)»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tula Children's Regional Clinical Hospita</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУЗ «Тульская детская областная клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/677">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/677</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered as a model of risk-adapted therapy for malignant neoplasms in children. The use of a combination of prognostic factors, such as age, stage of the tumor process, histological variant, and molecular genetic profile of a tumor, makes it possible to identify three risk groups characterized by different intensity of therapy and prognosis. However, the stratification of patients with MYCN-amplified stage 1 NB into a certain risk group and, consequently, the choice of therapeutic tactics for patients in this group vary significantly in the protocols of large cooperative NB study groups. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Clinical data were collected on patients with stage 1 NB according to the INSS system and the presence of the MYCN gene amplification, who received treatment in the period from 2013 to 2021, by sending requests and questionnaires to 77 specialized (oncological) medical institutions in the Russian Federation. At the time of information collection, we made an assessement of the extent of therapy and the status of the disease. A total of 7 patients were registered: 3 boys and 4 girls. The median age at diagnosis was 4.8 months (range 1.5–53.7 months). The primary tumor in all patients was located in the adrenal gland. In 4/7 (57.2%) patients, the 1p deletion was detected, in 6/7 (85.7%) patients who underwent an assessment of the 11q status, no deletion was detected. The therapy was carried out according to the modified NB2004 protocol. Induction therapy, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) were received by 6/7 (85.7%) patients. Immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies was performed in 1 patient (14.2%). At the time of the manuscript preparation, all patients remained alive without events. One patient with severe congenital heart disease (single ventricle, transposition of the great vessels) has not received systemic therapy and is alive without events at the time of the analysis. Patients with MYCN-amplified stage 1 NB included in this study and stratified into the high-risk group according to the NB2004 protocol, had high survival rates without any adverse events during intensive multimodal therapy. However, given the literature data of international cooperative groups on a decrease in the intensity of therapy in this cohort of patients, for example, refusal of auto-HSCT, as well as a high risk of developing long-term side effects of therapy, including secondary malignant tumors, in patients receiving therapy according to protocols for high-risk groups, it is possible to revise the concept of therapy in this category of patients. This requires a complete registration of all cases of NB in the Russian Federation, the implementation of a diagnostic algorithm, including scintigraphy with <sup>123</sup>I-metaiodobenzylguanidine, review of imaging data, histology and molecular cytogenetic studies in national/federal oncological institutions. With the accumulation of more representative data, auto-HSCT is likely to be omitted in patients with MYCN-amplified stage 1 NB with the absence of other unfavorable biological markers of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейробластома (НБ) рассматривается в качестве модели для риск-адаптированной терапии злокачественных новообразований у детей. Использование комбинации прогностических факторов, таких как возраст, стадия опухолевого процесса, гистологический вариант и молекулярно-генетический профиль опухоли, позволяет выделить 3 группы риска, характеризующихся различными объемами терапии и прогнозом заболевания. Однако стратификация пациентов с 1-й стадией НБ и наличием амплификации гена MYCN в определенную группу риска и, следовательно, выбор терапевтической тактики для больных данной группы значительно варьируют в протоколах крупных исследовательских групп по изучению НБ. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. Был проведен сбор клинических данных о пациентах с НБ 1-й стадии по INSS и наличием амплификации гена MYCN, получавших лечение за период с 2013 по 2021 г., путем направления запросов и анкет в 77 специализированных (онкологических) медицинских учреждений Российской Федерации. Проводилась оценка объема терапии и статуса по заболеванию на момент сбора информации. Всего были зарегистрированы 7 пациентов: 3 мальчика и 4 девочки. Медиана возраста на момент постановки диагноза составила 4,8 (разброс 1,5–53,7) месяца. Первичная опухоль у всех больных локализовалась в области надпочечников. У 4/7 (57,2%) пациентов выявлена делеция 1р, у 6/7 (85,7%) детей, которым проводилась оценка статуса 11q, делеции выявлено не было. Терапия проводилась по модифицированному протоколу NB2004. Индукционную терапию, высокодозную химиотерапию и аутологичную трансплантацию гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК) получили 6/7 (85,7%) человек. Иммунотерапия анти-GD2-моноклональными антителами проведена 1 (14,2%) больному. На момент написания статьи все пациенты оставались живы без событий. Один пациент с тяжелым врожденным пороком сердца (единственный желудочек, транспозиция магистральных сосудов) не получал системную терапию и жив без событий на момент написания статьи. Пациенты с локализованной 1-й стадией НБ, включенные в настоящее исследование и стратифицированные в группу высокого риска в рамках тактики протокола NB2004 за счет выявления амплификации гена MYCN, имели высокие показатели выживаемости без неблагоприятных событий на фоне проведения интенсивной мультимодальной терапии. Однако, учитывая литературные данные международных научных групп о снижении интенсивности терапии у этой когорты пациентов, например отказ от ауто-ТГСК, а также высокий риск развития отдаленных побочных эффектов лечения, в том числе вторичных злокачественных опухолей, у пациентов, получающих терапию по протоколам для группы высокого риска, возможен пересмотр ее концепции. Для этого необходимо проведение полной регистрации всех случаев НБ в России, внедрение диагностического алгоритма, включая выполнение сцинтиграфии с <sup>123</sup>I-метайодбензилгуанидином, референса данных визуализационных методов исследования, гистологии и молекулярно-цитогенетического исследования в национальных/федеральных онкологических учреждениях. При накоплении более презентативных данных вероятен отказ от ауто-ТГСК у пациентов с 1-й стадией НБ по INSS и наличием амплификации гена MYCN, но при отсутствии других неблагоприятных маркеров заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>INSS stage 1</kwd><kwd>MYCN gene amplification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>1-я стадия по INSS</kwd><kwd>амплификация гена MYCN</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы статьи выражают огромную благодарность сотрудникам медицинских учреждений, кто предоставил информацию об отсутствии у них зарегистрированных пациентов с НБ 1-й стадии и наличием амплификации гена MYCN.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Ward E., Desantis C., Robbins A., Kohler В., Jemal А. 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