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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-4-53-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunotherapy of high-risk infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia using blinatumomab and infusion of donor lymphocytes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунотерапия острого лимфобластного лейкоза у детей до года с применением блинатумомаба и инфузии донорских лимфоцитов после гаплоидентичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Olesya V. Paina</bold>, Cand. Med. Sci., Hematologist, Head of the 1<sup>st</sup> Pediatric Transplant Department</p><p><italic>197022, Saint Petersburg, Lva Tolstogo St., 6–8</italic></p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Паина Олеся Владимировна</bold>, канд. мед. наук, врач-гематолог, заведующая отделением трансплантации костного мозга для детей №1</p><p><italic>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</italic></p></bio><email>paina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>Ж. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhokhar</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожокарь</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-6499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekushov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екушов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrovolskaya</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добровольская</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gindina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиндина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-9225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Saint-Petersburg</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Санкт-Петербург</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">R.М. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Children Oncology, Haematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov Saint-Petersburg First State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/678">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/678</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare tumor of childhood that arises from the mesenchyme of the lung and is associated Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a high incidence of KMT2A gene rearrangements and poor outcome. Despite intensified therapy protocols, infant ALL remains a difficult-to-treat disease, with a high relapse rate. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is the only curative method aimed to curing the disease. Over the last decades, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) has been used as a salvage therapy after post-transplant relapses in B-ALL patients with a proven antileukemic effect. The combination of blinatumomab and DLI is a promising immunoadoptive therapy for resistant ALL based on the induction of “graft versus leukemia” effect by activating donor T-lymphocytes. We analyzed the results of combined immunoadoptive therapy with a bispecific T-cell activator blinatumomab and DLI in 3 infants with ALL, as well as the outcome of monotherapy with a bispecific T-cell activator in one infant. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. All infants initially had the KMT2A gene rearrangement and were classified as high-risk. The indication for immunoadoptive therapy was an early combined relapse of the disease after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in one patient and minimal residual disease (MRD) in three patients. All patients achieved long term hematological remission of the disease, 3 (75%) patients – MRD negative remission. The median duration of bone marrow response was 24 (8–63) months. One patient developed a bone marrow relapse in 8 months after therapy, two patients developed isolated extramedullary relapse. We did not see toxic complications and induction of graft-versus-host disease during immunoadoptive therapy. At the time of the follow up, all patients are alive, three remains in lasting hematological remission.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острый лимфобластный лейкоз (ОЛЛ) у пациентов до года характеризуется высокой частотой перестроек гена KMT2A и неблагоприятным исходом. Несмотря на интенсификацию химиотерапии, отмечается высокий уровень рецидивов. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) – единственный метод, направленный на излечение от заболевания. В течение последних десятилетий инфузия донорских лимфоцитов (ИДЛ) использовалась в качестве «терапии спасения» для профилактики и лечения посттрансплантационных рецидивов В-клеточного ОЛЛ с доказанным противолейкозным эффектом. Комбинация блинатумомаба и ИДЛ является многообещающим методом иммуноадоптивной терапии резистентных форм ОЛЛ, основанным на индукции реакции «трансплантат против лейкемии» путем активации донорских Т-лимфоцитов. Мы проанализировали результаты комбинированной иммуноадоптивной терапии биспецифическим активатором Т-клеток блинатумомаб и ИДЛ у 3 младенцев с ОЛЛ, а также результат монотерапии биспецифическим активатором Т-клеток у 1 младенца. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России. Все пациенты инициально имели реаранжировку гена KMT2A и были отнесены к группе высокого риска. Показаниями к проведению иммуноадоптивной терапии стали сверхранний комбинированный рецидив заболевания после гаплоидентичной ТГСК у 1 пациента и минимальная остаточная болезнь (МОБ) у 3 больных. Всем пациентам удалось достичь клиникогематологической ремиссии заболевания, 3 (75%) пациентам – МОБ-негативной ремиссии. Медиана длительности костномозгового ответа составила 24 (8–63) мес. Один пациент развил костномозговой рецидив заболевания через 8 мес после терапии, у 2 детей отмечалось появление изолированных экстрамедуллярных рецидивов. Мы не увидели токсических осложнений и индукции реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» при проведении иммуноадоптивной терапии. На момент последнего контакта все пациенты живы, 3 остаются в стойкой клинико-гематологической ремиссии заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>KMT2A rearrangement</kwd><kwd>haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>blinatumomab</kwd><kwd>donor lymphocyte infusion</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>младенческий острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>реаранжировка KMT2A</kwd><kwd>гаплоидентичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>блинатумомаб</kwd><kwd>инфузии донорских лимфоцитов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда №22-15-00491 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-15-00491/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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