Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children70710.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-3-58-64ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИRisk factors for coagulation inhibitor development in children with severe hemophilia AФакторы риска появления патологических ингибиторов свертывания у детей с тяжелой гемофилией Аhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-7718DmitrievE. V.ДмитриевЕ. В.
Belarus

Evgeny V. Dmitriev - a hematologist.

43 Frunzenskaya St., Borovlyany 223053, Minsk Region

Дмитриев Евгений Вячеславович - врач-гематолог.223053, Минский район, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43

jenyadmitriev24@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-7404LiubushkinA. V.ЛюбушкинА. В.
Belarus

Minsk Region, Borovlyany

Минский район, д. Боровляны

The Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, the Republic of BelarusГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии»0310202322358641303202320062023Copyright ©; 2023, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2023, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2023«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/707

Aim of the study: to examine the role of potential risk factors in inhibitor development in previously untreated patients (PUPs) (or minimally treated patients) with severe hemophilia A. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (the Republic of Belarus). The study included 89 boys who underwent regular follow-up for severe hemophilia A at the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (the Republic of Belarus) from 1998 to 2022. The median age (10th–90th percentile) at diagnosis of hemophilia was 8.0 (1.0–21.0) months, the baseline factor VIII activity was 0.7% (0.4–0.95%). Age at first exposure to factor VIII concentrate was 11.0 (1.0–31.0) months. Out of 89 patients, 23 children had severe hemophilia A with inhibitors. The cumulative incidence of inhibitors in the whole group of PUPs was 31.0 ± 5.6%. The cumulative incidence of hemophilia A with inhibitors was higher in the patients with null mutations (37.0 ± 6.9%) than in the patients with non-null mutations (6.5 ± 6.0%) (the log-rank test, p = 0.041). The use of plasma-derived FVIII concentrate (approved for use in neonates and for prophylaxis) from one manufacturer was associated (c2 = 8.53; p = 0.004) with a lower incidence of factor VIII inhibitors (up to 21.3 ± 8.5%) compared with the incidence in the group of patients treated with FVIII concentrates from different manufacturers (45.2 ± 7.8%). Age (> 1 year old or < 1 year old) at first exposure to FVIII had no effect on the formation of inhibitors (the log-rank test, p = 0.746). Such factors as age at diagnosis of hemophilia (odds ratio (OR) 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.024; p = 0.991) and baseline factor VIII activity (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.8–1.06; p = 0.09) were not associated with inhibitor development. The first measurements of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio (patient APTT value over the APTT reference value) (OR 1.89; 95% CI 0.72–5.09; p = 0.21) and FVIII recovery in vivo (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.27–2.01; p = 0.55) were not associated with inhibitor development either. We have confirmed that one of the main risk factors for FVIII inhibitor development is F8 gene mutations. The incidence of inhibitors among the patients who received plasma-derived FVIII concentrates (recommended for use in PUPs in the neonatal period) from one manufacturer was lower than among those who received FVIII from different manufacturers.

Цель исследования: определить роль потенциальных факторов риска возникновения патологических ингибиторов свертывания у ранее не леченных пациентов (РНЛП) (или минимально леченных пациентов) с тяжелой гемофилией А. Настоящее исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» (Республика Беларусь). В исследование включены 89 мальчиков, состоявших на диспансерном учете в ГУ «Республиканский научнопрактический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии» (Республика Беларусь) с 1998 по 2022 г. по поводу тяжелой гемофилии А. Возраст выявления гемофилии, представленный как медиана (10–90-й процентили), составил 8,0 (1,0–21,0) месяца, базовая активность фактора VIII – 0,7% (0,4–0,95%). Первое введение препаратов фактора свертывания крови VIII выполнено в возрасте 11,0 (1,0–31,0) месяца. Из 89 пациентов ингибиторная форма тяжелой гемофилии А диагностирована у 23 детей. Кумулятивная частота возникновения патологических ингибиторов свертывания в целом по группе среди РНЛП составила 31,0 ± 5,6%. Кумулятивная частота ингибиторных форм гемофилии (37,0 ± 6,9%) у пациентов с нулевыми мутациями превышала (log-rank-тест, p = 0,041) аналогичный показатель (6,5 ± 6,0%) у пациентов с ненулевыми мутациями. Использование одного и того же плазменного концентрата фактора свертывания крови (КФСК) VIII, разрешенного с периода новорожденности, в том числе и для профилактического введения, было сопряжено (c2 = 8,53; p = 0,004) со снижением частоты возникновения ингибиторов к фактору VIII до 21,3 ± 8,5% по сравнению частотой 45,2 ± 7,8% в группе пациентов, получавших КФСК различных производителей. Возраст (до 1 года или старше) первого введения КФСК не оказал влияния на формирование патологических ингибиторов свертывания (log-rank-тест, р = 0,746). Такие показатели, как возраст выявления гемофилии (отношение шансов (ОШ) 0,99; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,931,024; р = 0,991), базовая активность фактора VIII (ОШ 0,99; 95% ДИ 0,98–1,06; р = 0,09), не были связаны с появлением патологических ингибиторов. Также не были связаны с выявлением ингибиторов результаты первых в жизни ребенка определений отношения величины активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени пациента к величине данного показателя в контроле (ОШ 1,89; 95% ДИ 0,72–5,09; p = 0,21) и показателя восстановления (ОШ 0,74; 95% ДИ 0,27–2,01; p = 0,55). Мы подтвердили, что одним из основных факторов риска возникновения патологических ингибиторов свертывания в ответ на введение КФСК VIII являются аномалии гена F8. Применение плазменного КФСК VIII, рекомендованного для введения РНЛП с периода новорожденности, одного производителя способствовало снижению частоты возникновения ингибиторов по сравнению с пациентами, получавшими КФСК различных производителей.

 

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