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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">720</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-2-16-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Results of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute leukemia: a single-center experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у детей с острыми лейкозами: опыт одного Центра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina O. Kostareva, a pediatric oncologist</p><p>Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Department of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation</p><p>115478</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Олеговна Костарева, врач-детский онколог</p><p>НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p><p>отделение детской трансплантации костного мозга</p><p>115478</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>kostareva_92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Machneva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачнева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-1521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-8962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozovan</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозован</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-8412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeenko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеенко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-223X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlaka</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлака</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0074-7197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potemkina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потемкина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-5534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrakov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митраков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-5791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yelfimova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-0465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slinin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слинин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-5973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-8428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhullin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-5129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanyan</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанян</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batmanova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батманова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии,&#13;
онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/720">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/720</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Currently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment option for relapsed / refractory (R / R) acute leukemia (AL) and high-risk AL. In this article, we present our own experience of allo-HSCT in children with R / R AL. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Fifty-one patients with R / R AL were included in the study: 32 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 17 patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 2 patients had biphenotypic leukemia (BL). All patients underwent allo-HSCT from January 2021 to October 2022. The median age was 8.7 years (5 months – 17 years). At the time of allo-HSCT, 26 patients were in the second (and further) remission, the rest were in the first clinical and hematologic remission (high-risk AML and refractory ALL). Twenty-one (41.2 %) patients received allo-HSCT from a haploidentical donor, 19 (37.2 %) patients underwent allo-HSCT from an HLA-matched related donor and 11 (21.6 %) patients – from an HLA-matched unrelated donor. Pre-transplant conditioning in ALL: 27 patients received regimens based on total body irradiation at a dose of 12 Gy, 4 patients received busulfan-based conditioning regimens, and in 1 patient we used treosulfan. In AML and BL, we used conditioning regimens based on treosulfan/thiotepa (n = 10), treosulfan/melphalan (n = 8) or busulfan / melphalan (n = 1). Bone marrow (in 14 patients) and peripheral blood stem cells (in 37 patients) were used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells. In haploidentical allo-HSCTs in order to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) we performed TCRab/CD19 depletion followed by additional administration of abatacept / tocilizumab / rituximab on day –1 in 15 patients, 6 patients received post-transplant cyclophosphamide. In transplantations from HLA-matched related and unrelated donors, patients received combined immunosuppressive therapy with abatacept and rituximab on day –1, and calcineurin inhibitors were used as basic immunosuppressive therapy. All patients engrafted with a median time to engraftment of 13 (range, 9 to 24) days after allo-HSCT. Eight (15.7 %) patients developed a relapse of AL at different times after HSCT (five of them are alive). At the median follow-up of 9 (5–25) months, the overall and disease-free survival survival rates were 76.4 % and 68.8 %, respectively, for patients with AL. Acute GVHD was observed in 72.5 % of children, grade 3–4 GVHD was observed in 5.3 % of patients, and 13.7 % of children developed chronic GVHD. Most patients developed infectious complications in the early post-transplant period: febrile neutropenia (96.0 %), reactivation of viremia (47.3 %,) oropharyngeal mucositis (78.4 %), acute cystitis (12.3 %). The overall mortality rate was 17.6 %. Late mortality was associated with a relapse of AL.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) в настоящее время является эффективным методом лечения, рецидивирующего / рефрактерного (Р / Р) острого лейкоза (ОЛ) и ОЛ высокого риска. В статье представлен собственный опыт проведения алло-ТГСК у детей с Р / Р ОЛ. Настоящее исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина. В исследование был включен 51 пациент с Р / Р ОЛ: 32 пациента с острым лимфобластным лейкозом (ОЛЛ), 17 – с острым миелоидным лейкозом (ОМЛ), 2 – с бифенотипическим лейкозом (БЛ). Всем пациентам была выполнена алло-ТГСК в период с января 2021 г. по октябрь 2022 г. Медиана возраста составила 8,7 года (5 месяцев – 17 лет). На момент выполнения трансплантации во 2-й ремиссии и более находились 26 пациентов, остальные – в 1-й клинико-гематологической ремиссии (ОМЛ высокого риска и рефрактерный ОЛЛ). От гаплоидентичного донора алло-ТГСК была выполнена 21 (41,2 %) пациенту, от HLA-совместимого родственного донора – 19 (37,2 %), от HLA-совместимого неродственного донора – 11 (21,6 %). Предтрансплантационное кондиционирование при ОЛЛ у 27 пациентов включало режимы на основе тотального облучения тела в дозе 12 Гр, у 4 – на основе бусульфана и у 1 больного применялся треосульфан. При ОМЛ и БЛ использовались режимы кондиционирования на основе треосульфана / тиотепы (n = 10), треосульфана / мелфалана (n = 8) или бусульфана / мелфалана (n = 1). В качестве источника гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у 14 пациентов использовался костный мозг, у 37 – периферические стволовые клетки крови. При гаплоидентичных алло-ТГСК в целях профилактики реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ) у 15 пациентов выполнялась TCRab/CD19-деплеция с последующим дополнительным назначением на –1-й день абатацепта / тоцилизумаба / ритуксимаба, 6 больным вводился посттрансплантационный циклофосфамид. При трансплантациях от HLA-совместимых родственных и неродственных доноров пациенты получали комбинированную иммуносупрессивную терапию с абатацептом и ритуксимабом на –1-й день, а в качестве базовой иммуносупрессивной терапии применялись ингибиторы кальциневрина. У всех пациентов было зафиксировано приживление трансплантата с медианой на 13-е (9–24-е) сутки после алло-ТГСК. У 8 (15,7 %) пациентов на разных сроках после алло-ТГСК констатирован рецидив ОЛ, из них живы 5. При медиане наблюдения 9 (5–25) мес получены следующие показатели выживаемости пациентов с ОЛ: общая выживаемость составила 76,4 %, безрецидивная выживаемость – 68,8 %. Развитие острой РТПХ отмечено у 72,5 % детей, РТПХ III–IV степени – у 5,3 %, хронической РТПХ – у 13,7 %. Развитие инфекционных осложнений раннего посттрансплантационного периода отмечено у большинства больных: фебрильная нейтропения – у 96,0 %, реактивация виремии – у 47,3 %, орофарингеальный мукозит – у 78,4 %, острый цистит – у 12,3 %. Общая летальность составила 17,6 %. Поздняя летальность была ассоциирована с рецидивом ОЛ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>anti-relapse therapy</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>acute leukemias</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>противорецидивная терапия</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>острые лейкозы</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указано</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Wang X. J., Wang Y. H., Ong M. J. C., Gkitzia C., Soh S. Y., Hwang W. Y. K. 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