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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">726</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-2-65-91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The results of therapy in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma: the experience of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты терапии пациентов с нейробластомой группы высокого риска: опыт НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Shamanskaya, Cand. Med. Sci., Head of the Department</p><p>Institute of Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine</p><p>Department for Embryonal Tumor Research</p><p>117997</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Викторовна Шаманская,  канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделом</p><p>Институт онкологии, радиологии и ядерной медицины</p><p>отдел изучения эмбриональных опухолей</p><p>117997</p><p>ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>shamanskaya.tatyana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varfolomeeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варфоломеева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-084X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-0125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teleshova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телешова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-7517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-4646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-9183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Drui</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-1682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadgarov</surname><given-names>M. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ядгаров</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-7104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-2222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Likar</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ликарь</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-3056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухов</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhaladze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахаладзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-6157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechesnyuk</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечеснюк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-5382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnikova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курникова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-0414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-3519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-4822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry&#13;
of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский&#13;
медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenology and Radiology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/726">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/726</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is a complex challenge, and it is based on response to certain elements of therapy. The development and introduction of new treatment approaches, such as GD2-targeted immunotherapy (IT), leads to improved survival in this cohort of patients.</p><p><bold>   The aim of the study </bold>was to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of therapy in patients with high-risk NB before the introduction of IT into clinical practice.</p><p>   We retrospectively analyzed the data of 151 NB patients stratified into a high-risk group who had received treatment in accordance with the modified NB2004 protocol of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology from 01.2012 to 12.2017. This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. All the study subjects (or their legal representatives) signed a voluntary informed consent form indicating their agreement to treatment and use of their data for research purposes. Overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and risk factors were analyzed in the patients with high-risk NB including those who had completed multimodal therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and post-consolidation therapy with isotretinoin and had achieved a satisfactory response to induction therapy (complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), partial response (PR)) (population of special interest). The main unfavorable prognostic clinical and molecular genetic factors affecting survival in the high-risk NB patients were older age, MYCN gene amplification, and stage 4 of the disease. The use of the modified GPOH NB2004 protocol resulted in a satisfactory response (CR/VGPR/PR) to the induction therapy in most patients: 124/151 (82.1 %). Surgery (other than primary tumor biopsy) led to improved survival, with no statistical difference between macroscopic radical surgery and macroscopic residual tumor. At the same time, radiation therapy (RT), as the second element of local control, had a significant impact on EFS in the group of the patients with stage 4 disease: the 3-year EFS was 39.4 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 23.1–55.4) in the patients with RT versus 25.7 % (95 % CI 17.5–34.7) in the patients without RT (p = 0.0295). The introduction of a new high-dose TreoMel chemotherapy regimen did not result in worse survival rates but led to a decrease in transplant-related toxicity. The 5-year OS and 5-year EFS were 49.4 % (95 % CI 40.9–57.3 %) and 33.3 % (95 % CI 25.9–40.9) respectively for all the study subjects, and 81.6 % (95 % CI 70.3–88.9) and 55.1 % (95 % CI 43.1–65.5) respectively for the patients from the population of special interest. The analysis of the results of therapy in the high-risk NB patients who had received treatment at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, yielded results comparable to those of the original GPOH NB2004 protocol. The patients with CR/VGPR/PR to the induction therapy who had completed the protocol treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and isotretinoin post-consolidation therapy demonstrated higher 5-year EFS rates. However, there remains a need to develop more effective treatment regimens for high-risk NB.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Терапия пациентов с нейробластомой (НБ) группы высокого риска представляет собой многокомпонентную задачу и основана на вариантах ответа на определенные терапевтические элементы. Внедрение и разработка новых подходов к лечению, таких как GD2-направленная иммунотерапия (ИТ), приводят к улучшению выживаемости в этой когорте больных.</p><p><bold>   Целью исследования </bold>являлась ретроспективная оценка эффективности терапии пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска в период до внедрения в клиническую практику ИТ.</p><p>   Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 151 пациента с НБ, стратифицированных в группу высокого риска, получавших лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России в период с 01. 2012 по 12. 2017 по модифицированному протоколу German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) NB2004. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. Все пациенты, включенные в исследование, или их законные представители подписывали добровольное информированное согласие на проведение терапии и использование данных в научных целях. Проведена оценка показателей общей выживаемости (ОВ), бессобытийной выживаемости (БСВ) и выполнен анализ факторов риска у пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска, а также у детей, полностью завершивших мультимодальную терапию с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и постконсолидацией изотретиноином, достигших удовлетворительного ответа на индукционную терапию: полного ответа (ПО), очень хорошего частичного ответа (ОХЧО), частичного ответа (ЧО) (популяция особого интереса). Основными прогностическими неблагоприятными клиническими и молекулярно-генетическими факторами, влияющими на выживаемость в группе пациентов с НБ высокого риска, являются старший возраст, наличие амплификации гена MYCN и 4-я стадия заболевания. Внедрение программной терапии на основе протокола GPOH NB2004 позволило добиться удовлетворительного ответа (ПО/ОХЧО/ЧО) на индукционный этап терапии у большинства пациентов 124/151 (82,1 %). Выполнение хирургического вмешательства в объеме большем, чем только биопсия первичной опухоли, приводило к улучшению выживаемости при отсутствии статистической разницы между макроскопически радикальной операцией и макроскопически остаточным объемом опухоли. При этом лучевая терапия (ЛТ) как второй элемент локального контроля оказывала значимое влияние на БСВ в группе больных с 4-й стадией заболевания, где 3-летняя БСВ была 39,4 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 23,1–55,4) для пациентов с ЛТ против 25,7 % (95 % ДИ 17,5–34,7) в группе больных без ЛТ (р = 0,0295). Внедрение нового режима высокодозной химиотерапии по схеме TreoMel не привело к ухудшению выживаемости при снижении трансплантационной токсичности. Пятилетние ОВ и БСВ составили 49,4 % (95 % ДИ 40,9–57,3) и 33,3 % (95 % ДИ 25,9–40,9) соответственно для всех пациентов, включенных в исследование, и 81,6 % (95 % ДИ 70,3–88,9) и 55,1 % (95 % ДИ 43,1–65,5) соответственно для популяции особого интереса. Анализ результатов терапии пациентов с НБ группы высокого риска, получавших лечение в НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева, показал сопоставимые данные по сравнению с оригинальным протоколом GPOH NB2004. Пациенты с ПО/ОХЧО/ЧО на индукционный этап лечения и полностью завершившие всю протокольную терапию с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и постконсолидацией изотретиноином, продемонстрировали более высокие показатели 5-летней БСВ. Тем не менее сохраняется потребность в разработке более эффективных схем терапии НБ группы высокого риска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>event-free survival</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>бессобытийная выживаемость</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>анти-GD2-моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указано</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Goodman M. S., Smith M. A., Olshan A. F. Sympathetic nervous system tumors. In: Ries L. A. G., Smith M. A., Gurney J. G. (eds.). 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