Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology

Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии

1726-17082414-9314

Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children

733

10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-2-166-174

LITERATURE REVIEW

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of diseases caused by Epstein–Barr virus

Патогенез, лечение и профилактика заболеваний, вызванных вирусом Эпштейна–Барр

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960

Rumyantsev

A. G.

Румянцев

А. Г.

Russian Federation

Alexander G. Rumyantsev, Member of the RAS, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Academic Supervisor

Moscow

Александр Григорьевич Румянцев, кадемик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, научный руководитель

117997

ул. Саморы Машела, 1

Москва

alexrum47@mail.ru

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

08072023

222

1661742203202325052023

2025

«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»

ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/733

Studying diseases associated with viruses belonging to the family of Herpesviridae is an important challenge for medical researchers and clinicians because of the specific tropism of herpesviruses for immune cells, life-long persistence in human target cells, the ability to reactivate and the potential to cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Unlike other members of Herpesviridae, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes 4, displays tropism for B cells and mucosal epithelial cells, has the capacity to cause not only productive infection (infectious mononucleosis), but also establish various types of latency in cells, causes benign and malignant transformation of immune system cells (hemoblastoses) and mucosal epithelial cells (oral cavity cancer and gastric cancer). EBV causes 200 000 deaths worldwide every year, the majority of which are attributable to cancers associated with EBV persistence. Moreover, EBV is associated with a group of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, and secondary immunodeficiencies occurring in patients with infection of immune system cells. Mechanisms of the interaction between EBV and human cells implicated in cancer induction should be a focus of further research in fundamental virology, oncology and medicine as a whole. The interactions between EBV and target cells in mother-fetus-child system appear to be the most complicated. The inevitability of facing the virus and associated long-term consequences is determined by the time and mode of mother-to-child transmission of EBV, the presence of innate immune defense factors, genetics and molecular mechanisms of EBV latency. Recent scientific insights allow us to establish control over the evolution of EBV interactions with its host and to identify promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of previously incurable diseases associated with EBV.

Изучение заболеваний, ассоциированных с вирусами семейства Herpesviridae, является важной научно-практической проблемой медицины в связи со специфической тропностью вирусов к клеткам иммунной системы, пожизненной персистенцией в клетках-мишенях человека, способностью вируса к реактивации и широким диапазоном клинических форм заболеваний. Вирус Эпштейна–Барр (Epstein–Barr virus, EBV), или вирус герпеса человека 4-го типа, отличается от других вирусов семейства Herpesviridae тропностью к В-лимфоцитам и клеткам эпителия слизистых, способностью помимо продуктивной формы инфекции, какой является инфекционный мононуклеоз, проявлять различные варианты латентного состояния в клетках, вызывать доброкачественную и злокачественную трансформацию клеток иммунной системы (гемобластозы) и слизистых (рак полости рта и желудка). С онкогенными последствиями персистенции EBV связана основная часть из 200 000 смертей в год в мире. Кроме того, EBV ассоциирован с группой аутоиммунных расстройств, таких как рассеянный склероз и вторичные иммунодефициты, сопровождающие инфекции иммунной системы. Механизмы, определяющие взаимодействие EBV и клеток человека в индукции опухолей, являются точкой развития фундаментальной вирусологии, онкологии и медицины в целом. Самым сложным является взаимодействие EBV с клеточными мишенями в системе «мать–плод–ребенок». Неизбежность встречи с вирусом и отдаленных результатов этой встречи определяется временем и путями заражения матери и ребенка, наличием врожденных факторов иммунной защиты, генетикой и молекулярными механизмами латентности вируса. Новые научные данные, полученные в последние годы, позволяют установить контроль за эволюцией взаимоотношений EBV и хозяина, а также наметить перспективные опции лечения и профилактики ранее неизлечимых заболеваний, ассоциированных с EBV.

Epstein–Barr virusherpesvirus familyimmune systemgeneticslatent course

вирус Эпштейна–Баррсемейство герпесвирусовиммунная системагенетикалатентное течение

Not specified

Не указано

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