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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2023-22-3-28-35</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A successful second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an alternative donor in a patient with loss of HLA heterozygosity relapse of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: case series analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Успех повторной аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток со сменой донора при потере гетерозиготности HLA у пациента с ювенильным миеломоноцитарным лейкозом: анализ серии клинических случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветкова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov A. Tsvetkova - a hematologist at the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Department №1.</p><p>Leo Tolstoy St. 6/8, St. Petersburg 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветкова Любовь Александровна - врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации костного мозга для детей №1 НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6/8</p></bio><email>tsvetluibov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Алексеевна Осипова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>dr.osipova_aa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-421X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Викторович Евдокимов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>leshechka10.09.84@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhokar</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожокарь</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Валерьевна Кожокарь</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>kozhokar.polina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>Zh. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>Ж. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жемал Зарифовна Рахманова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>rakhmanovazhemal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильдар Мунерович Бархатов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>i.barkhatov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Владимировна Паина</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>paina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-6811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Epifanovskaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифановская</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Сергеевна Епифановская</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>epif-olga@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Витальевна Бабенко</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>ele2133@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5455-860X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Евгеньевна Иванова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>nivanova_78@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8205-0094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Владимирович Козлов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>denis.szt2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gindina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиндина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>T. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-9225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation of the I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-29"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/747">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/747</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare and aggressive myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasm of early childhood characterized by activation of the Ras signaling pathway. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only proven curative treatment for JMML. However, the 5-year overall survival is about 52–64%. In this work, we analyzed 4 clinical cases of patients with relapses of JMML with loss of heterozygosity in HLA (LoH) after allo-HSCT. The patients' parents gave their consent to the use of their children's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications. Two patients received a second allo-HSCT from an alternative donor, two patients – from the same donor. A positive result in the form of a durable remission was observed in one patient who underwent a second allo-HSCT from an alternative donor and restored HLA genetic heterozygosity. At the same time, immunotherapy with infusions of donor lymphocytes led to the development of graft-versus-host disease without potentiating the antileukemic effect. Thus, a second allo-HSCT from an alternative donor for the treatment of relapsed JMML with HLA LoH is necessary to restore the “graft-versus-JMML” response. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ювенильный миеломоноцитарный лейкоз (ЮММЛ) – редкое и агрессивное миелопролиферативное/ миелодиспластическое новообразование у детей раннего возраста, характеризующееся активацией сигнального пути Ras. Аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аллоТГСК) является единственным доказанным излечивающим методом терапии ЮММЛ. Тем не менее 5-летняя общая выживаемость составляет 52–64%. В данной работе проанализировано 4 клинических случая пациентов с рецидивами ЮММЛ после алло-ТГСК, у которых ретроспективно была определена потеря гетерозиготности по генам HLA, расположенным в области короткого плеча 6-й хромосомы. Родители пациентов дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий детей, в научных исследованиях и публикациях. Два пациента получили повторную алло-ТГСК со сменой донора, 2 – без смены донора. Положительный результат в виде достижения стойкой ремиссии наблюдался у 1 пациента, прошедшего повторную аллоТГСК со сменой донора и восстановившего генетическую гетерозиготность HLA. В то же время иммунотерапия инфузиями донорских лимфоцитов приводила к развитию реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» без потенцирования противолейкемического эффекта. Таким образом, повторная алло-ТГСК со сменой донора в контексте терапии рецидива ЮММЛ, ассоциированного с потерей HLA, приводит к возврату генетической экспрессии HLA, что необходимо для восстановления реакции «трансплантат против ЮММЛ». Исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia</kwd><kwd>allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>HLA loss</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ювенильный миеломоноцитарный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>потеря HLA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда №22-15-00491 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-15-00491/)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Mayerhofer C., Niemeyer C.M., Flotho C. Current Treatment of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (14): 3084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayerhofer C., Niemeyer C.M., Flotho C. Current Treatment of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. 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