Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children78810.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-4-152-160LITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫThe role of platelets in thromboinftammationРоль тромбоцитов в процессах тромбовоспаленияMelnikovaE. A.МельниковаЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Мельникова Евгения А.

Москва

zhukabra_@mail.ruEmelyanovN. S.ЕмельяновН. С.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

NechipurenkoD. Yu.НечипуренкоД. Ю.
Russian Federation

Dmitry Yu. Nechipurenko, a leading researcher at the Laboratory of Cellular Hemostasis and Thrombosis at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow

Нечипуренко Дмитрий Юрьевич, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного гемостаза и тромбоза ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

dmitry.nechipurenko@dgoi.ruCenter for Theoretical Problems of Physical and Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of SciencesФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии» РАНM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России131220242341521601112202314052024Copyright ©; 2024, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2024, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2024«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/788

Interactions between platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells play an important role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Although the primary function of platelets is to stop bleeding, recent studies have shed some light on their role in many other processes, mainly, in immune reactions. As the key participants of all inflammatory processes, leukocytes interact both with platelets and endothelial cells linking hemostatic response and local inflammation. In its turn, endothelium is actively involved both in hemostasis regulation and inflammation. In normal conditions, these interactions help fight off pathogens and facilitate the normal process of inflammation and restoration of tissues. However, their dysregulation may result in various disorders including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation and post-infection complications. In recent years, the development of a wide array of disorders has come to be associated with thromboinflammation and immunothrombosis, whose mechanisms have become the focus of many ongoing studies. In this review, we describe thromboinflammation through its underlying molecular and cell interactions. A better comprehension of the role of platelets in the regulation of inflammatory response will not only improve our understanding of the correlation between hemostatic response and immune reactions but will also help identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for many serious disorders ranging from thrombosis to neurodegenerative diseases.

Взаимодействия между тромбоцитами, лейкоцитами и эндотелиальными клетками играют важную роль в различных физиологических и патофизиологических процессах. Хотя основная функция тромбоцитов заключается в остановке кровотечения, исследования последних лет пролили свет на их роль во многих других процессах, главным образом в иммунных реакциях. Лейкоциты как ключевые участники воспалительных процессов активно взаимодействуют как с тромбоцитами, так и с эндотелиальными клетками, тем самым реализуя связь между гемостатическим ответом и локальным воспалением. Эндотелий, в свою очередь, активно участвует как в регуляции гемостаза, так и в воспалительных процессах. В норме эти взаимодействия способствуют борьбе с патогенами, правильному течению воспаления и восстановлению тканей. Однако нарушение их регуляции может приводить к развитию патологий, включая атеросклероз, тромбозы, воспалительные заболевания и осложнения, возникающие вследствие инфекций. В последние годы развитие широкого круга патологий ассоциируется с процессами тромбовоспаления и иммунотромбоза, механизмы которых являются предметом активных исследований. Данный обзор посвящен описанию современной картины тромбовоспаления через соответствующие молекулярные и клеточные взаимодействия, лежащие в его основе. Более глубокое понимание роли тромбоцитов в регуляции воспалительных реакций способно не только улучшить наше понимание взаимосвязи между гемостатическим ответом и иммунными реакциями, но и помочь определить новые терапевтические мишени и стратегии для многих серьезных патологий: от тромбозов до нейродегенеративных заболеваний. 

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