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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-1-63-72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The use of blinatumomab in children with de novo Ph-negative B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and slow clearance of minimal residual disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение блинатумомаба у детей с первичным Ph-негативным В-линейным острым лимфобластным лейкозом и медленным клиренсом минимальной остаточной болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Popov,Cand. Med. Sci., Head of Laboratory</p><p>Leukemia Immunophenotyping Laboratory</p><p>117997; 1 Samory Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Попов, канд. мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория иммунофенотипирования гемобластозов</p><p>117997; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>uralcytometry@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-3728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3232-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bydanov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быданов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerkalenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеркаленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-1828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhbitskaya</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержбицкая</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Permikin</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пермикин</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-104X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoyko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагойко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарикова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boychenko</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойченко</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-198X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Medical Cell Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница – филиал ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center of High Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Детский городской многопрофильный клинический специализированный центр высоких&#13;
медицинских технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/844">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/844</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and slow clearance of minimal residual disease (MRD) demonstrate a significantly worse outcome as compared to those with fast response to chemotherapy. Bispecific monoclonal antibody blinatumomab is the key drug for CD19-directed immunotherapy which opens wide opportunities for the elimination of MRD in patients with B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL).</p><p><bold>   Aim of the study</bold> – to evaluate the effectiveness of blinatumomab for MRD elimination in children with BCP-ALL and slow MRD clearance treated by the “ALL-MB 2015” protocol.</p><p>   The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Patients from the “ALL-MB 2015” trial who demonstrated slow MRD clearance at the end of induction were included in the current study. MRD monitoring was performed by multicolor flow cytometry modified with respect to possible CD19 loss during targeted treatment. Threshold of 0.001% was used for MRD positivity definition. Between February 2020 and August 2023, 228 children with de novo Ph-negative KMT2A-negative BCP-ALL were defined as slow MRD responders according to the criteria of the “Moscow-Berlin” group. Fifty of them were treated with blinatumomab because of slow MRD clearance. Blinatumomab course was given immediately after induction in 23 children, after Consolidation I – in 14 patients, after Consolidation II – in 11 patients, while two children received immunotherapy prior to maintenance. After completion of blinatumomab course, 23 patients continued protocol treatment, 21 received maintenance only, two were treated with high-risk blocks and four received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Only 2 of 50 (4.0 %) patients remained MRD-positive after completion of blinatumomab course. By the end of December 2023, only two adverse events were registered: one relapse and one remission death. Two-year event-free survival was 94.7 % (standard error 3.6 %), while cumulative incidence of relapse was 2.6 % (standard error 2.7 %). Outcome in these 50 patients was much better in comparison with 178 children with a slow MRD response who did not receive blinatumomab. The use of blinatumomab in children with de novo Ph-negative BCP-ALL with slow MRD clearance allows achieving MRD-negative remission in nearly all cases. Although a longer follow-up is necessary for the reliable conclusion of CD19-directed therapy effectiveness, the promising results are obtained in the current study in this unfavorable patient group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Дети с острым лимфобластным лейкозом (ОЛЛ) и медленным клиренсом минимальной остаточной болезни (МОБ) имеют существенно худший прогноз по сравнению с теми, кто демонстрирует быстрый ответ на проводимую химиотерапию. Биспецифическое моноклональное антитело блинатумомаб является ключевым препаратом для CD19-направленной иммунотерапии и предоставляет широкие возможности для элиминации МОБ при ОЛЛ из В-линейных предшественников (ВП-ОЛЛ).</p><p><bold>   Цель исследования </bold>– оценить эффективность применения блинатумомаба для элиминации МОБ у детей с ВП-ОЛЛ и медленным клиренсом МОБ при терапии по протоколу «ОЛЛ-МБ 2015».</p><p>   Настоящее исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева. В исследование были включены пациенты исследования «ОЛЛ-МБ 2015», которые по итогам индукционной терапии имели замедленный клиренс МОБ. Мониторинг МОБ проводился методом многоцветной проточной цитометрии с адаптацией методики к возможной потере CD19 при таргетной терапии. МОБ-позитивностью считалось количество опухолевых клеток ≥ 0,001 % среди всех клеток костного мозга. В период с февраля 2020 г. по август 2023 г. 228 пациентов с первичным Ph-негативным, КМТ2А-негативным ВП-ОЛЛ были классифицированы как имеющие медленный МОБ-ответ согласно критериям группы «Москва–Берлин», из них 50 по этой причине получили как минимум 1 курс блинатумомаба. Сразу после индукции курс блинатумомаба получили 23 человека, после консолидации I – 14 пациентов, после консолидации II – 11 детей, еще 2 человека – непосредственно перед поддерживающей терапией. После курса блинатумомаба 23 пациента продолжили терапию по протоколу, 21 – сразу получили поддерживающую терапию, 2 – блоки высокого риска, а 4 была проведена трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Из 50 пациентов в исследуемой группе только 2 (4,0 %) человека остались МОБ-позитивными после завершения курса блинатумомаба. На 31.12.2023 было зарегистрировано лишь 2 неблагоприятных события: 1 рецидив и 1 смерть в ремиссии. Двухлетняя бессобытийная выживаемость составила 94,7 % (стандартная ошибка 3,6 %), а кумулятивная частота рецидивов – 2,6 % (стандартная ошибка 2,7 %), что было существенно лучше, чем у 178 пациентов с медленным МОБ-ответом, не получивших блинатумомаб. Применение блинатумомаба у детей с первичным Ph-негативным ВП-ОЛЛ и медленным клиренсом МОБ позволяет достичь МОБ-негативной ремиссии практически у всех пациентов. Несмотря на то, что необходим больший период наблюдения для окончательного вывода о применении CD19-направленной иммунотерапии, получены многообещающие результаты лечения, позволяющие предположить высокую эффективность блинатумомаба в данной прогностически неблагоприятной группе пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>blinatumomab</kwd><kwd>minimal residual disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>блинатумомаб</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pui C.H. Precision medicine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 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